No abstract

Intraperitoneal adhesion is a serious case that often occurs with a prevalence of 90-97 % after undergoing gynecological surgery and laparotomy. This study aims are to characterized the hydrogel and identified the optimal composition of Hyaluronic acid (HA) - N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) as an anti-adhesion biomaterial barrier. The synthesis method involved firstly the synthesis of aldehyde derivative of hyaluronic acid (AHA) and also the conversion of chitosan into its derivative, N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan. These two compounds were mixed in various compositions and crosslinked to form N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) /AHA. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy has confirmed that the functional groups found -C = O stretching at 1644 cm-1 indicating the hyaluronic acid and carboxymethyl group (-CH2COOH) in 1380 cm-1 which indicate the presence of chitosan. The crosslink is evidenced by the group C = N stretching at a wavenumber of about 1630 cm-1. The best composition of intraperitoneal anti-adhesion is the ratio of hyaluronic acid: chitosan at 30:10 mg/ml. The swelling test is showed a swelling ratio of around 211.8 % in accordance with the standard as intraperitoneal anti-adhesion. Hydrogel has a degradation rate up to 86.87 % on day 10, and this is in accordance with the standard as intraperitoneal anti-adhesion. Cytotoxicity assay showed that hydrogel was nontoxic with a percentage of 92.9 % cell viability. The newly developed hyaluronic acid-carboxymethyl chitosan has characteristics that conform to the criteria of an intraperitoneal anti-adhesion.

The barium titanate gel has been made by sol-gel techniques and then sintered at 800°C for its nanoparticles powder. Previously, all of the samples are made into the mass ratio, particularly its notation in gram units to the composition with polyvinyl alcohol. Finally, its perovskite phase of the barium titanate nanoparticles were found and optimum occurs in the proportional mass ratio or BaTiO3/PVA. By X-ray diffraction equipment, it be examined to got the optimum tetragonal crystallite where it indicates the perovskite phase had been optimal formed. The both of PSA and TEM equipments were uses and found that barium titanate nanoparticles in which dominantly for all of them.

The effect of the calcination temperature at 800 and 1000 °C on the stable formation of the tricalcium phosphate with rhombohedral structure in the system of the hexagonal crystal family was determined, while its precursor was made from limestone obtained from nature in the Lumajang district, Indonesia. The rhombohedral tricalcium phosphate samples were prepared by sol-gel routine, then examined by several tests, such as, Fourie transform infrared spectroscopy to study the deficiency of -OH, X-ray diffraction test to study the microstructure of the tricalcium phosphate with the rhombohedral structure in a hexagonal crystal system, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry tests to study thermal characteristics, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to study the surface topography and to obtain the atomic ratio Ca/P ~1.5. Finally, the UV-vis test found the optical energy gap, E g , from ~5.34 to ~5.41 eV for the sample calcined at 800 °C and E g ~5.19 to ~5.21 eV at 1000 °C.

KARAKTERISTIK MIKROSKOPIK KERAMIK BATAKO TERHADAP VARIASI PENAMBAHAN SEKAM TEBU ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh penambahan sekam tebu pada sifat mikroskopis batako sehingga dapat diketahui komposisi sekam tebu paling baik untuk bahan pengikat dari batako tersebut. Sampel yang digunakan batako dengan penambahan sekam tebu diayak dan tanpa diayak dengan persentase masing – masing 0wt%, 3wt%, 6wt%,  9wt%, 12wt% ,15wt%. Variasi optimum terlihat pada variasi 12wt% untuk penambahan sekam tebu tanpa diayak dan 15wt% untuk penambahan sekam tebu diayak. Nilai porositas batako rata-rata normal yaitu sebesar (8,119 ± 3,866)% dan nilai densitas rata-rata (2,343 ± 0,211) gr/cm3, setelah penambahan sekam tebu maka terjadi perbaikan sifat porositas dan densitas yaitu (7,692 ± 2,492)% dan (2,387 ± 0,087) gr/cm3 untuk variasi penambahan sekam tebu tanpa pengayakan, sedangkan nilai porositas dan densitas untuk penambahan variasi sekam tebu dengan pengayakan adalah (3,846 ± 0,427)% dan (2,674 ± 0,125) gr/cm3. Setelah melalui uji XRD terlihat pembentukan fasa baru yaitu Al0,03Fe0,15Mg1,82O6Si1,97 (Enstatite) yang diidentifikasikan memiliki pengaruh perbaikan sifat densitas batako.  Berdasarkan nilai porositas  dan nilai densitas diatas maka batako dengan variasi penambahan sekam tebu telah berhasil memperbaiki sifat mikroskopis batako meskipun pada penambahan sekam tebu tanpa pengayakan memiliki nilai porositas dan densitas tidak stabil. Kata Kunci : Keramik Batako, Sekam Tebu, Porositas, Densitas, XRD