Abstract:Marker-assisted selection is progressively introduced into potato breeding especially in the case of monogenically inherited traits. Varieties and clones with extreme resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) from German, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch and Slovak breeding programmes were used as female parents in 6 crosses. F 1 progenies were subjected to the bulk segregant analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers for Ry sto and Ry adg viral resistance alleles were used for the evaluation of varieties, clones and seedlings of F 1 progenies. All resistant F 1 genotypes were reliably identified using three molecular markers, STM0003, GP122 718 and GP122 406 , associated with the Ry sto allele. No genotype corresponded with phenotypic data and Ry adg markers. Ry adg and three selected Ry sto markers were applied to 40 genotypes from an in vitro gene bank and 14 genotypes were recognized to have Ry sto and none of them possessed Ry adg . Indirect selection is based on DNA polymorphism linked to the extreme resistance to PVY resulting in error when polymorphism is not conserved in all genetic backgrounds. A failure to detect extreme resistance to PVY using the Ry sto markers in variety Santé, resistant progeny of variety Santé and clone Y01-30 may be linked to recombination events or different Solanum stoloniferum background.

The genes encoding for a cucumber class III chitinase and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia class I glucanase were co-introduced into Slovak potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar ETA using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Expression of both genes was driven by wound-inducible polyubiquitin promoter isolated from Slovak potato breeding line 116/86. Analyses showed inducible, peel-specific expression of both transgenes under stress conditions. The effect of transgene expression on fungal susceptibility of transformants was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Experiments with crude protein extracts isolated from transgenic microtubers showed growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani hyphae in the range from 7.3 to 14.2%. In contrast, experiments performed in growth chamber conditions revealed that the polyubiquitin promoter driven transgene expression did not ensure any obvious increase of transgenic potato resistance against Rhizoctonia solani.

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This scientific work deals with technological and sensory quality examination of a set of nine Slovak potato varieties. Varietal samples were grown and stored at the Potato Research and Breeding Institute in Veľká Lomnica (Slovak Republic). Evaluated varieties: Arwen, Evelin, Malvína, Megan, Rumelia, Spinela, Svella, Timea, Viola. Dry matter and starch content of tubers were evaluated from the group of technological parameters. Sensory evaluation was carried out by using the dine value point descriptor. Varietal evaluation was realized from the harvest of 2011 and 2012.The highest dry matter content of 21.8% was measured at variety Rumelia. The starch content was at the same variety at the level of 15.8%. The highest sensory evaluation with very good dine value achieved varieties Evelin (78.0 points) and Spinela (77.8 points). As the best varieties for storage can be used varieties Rumelia, Arwen and Megan. For heat treatment are most suitable varieties Evelin and Spinela.

Effect of cultivar is known as the most important factor determining the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of potatoes. In the study the influence of this factor on the content of chlorogenic acid (CGA), ascorbic acid (AA), total polyphenols (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) in six potato cultivars (Viola, Malvina, Evelin, Arlet, Megan, Timea) was investigated. Potatoes were grown in vitro on peat substrate in a greenhouse and were harvested in the stage of physiological ripeness. The content of CGA, AA and the TAC were determined in fresh matter of potato tubers. CGA content was determined using standard HPLC gradient method. The lowest CGA amount was determined in cv. Viola (18.49 mg/kg FM) and the highest one in cv. Megan (46.73 mg/kg FM). The determined AA content was in interval 5.40 mg/100 g FM (cv. Evelin) – 20.10 mg/100 g FM (cv. Viola). Total antioxidant capacity expressed as mg eqv. Trolox/kg FM was the lowest in cv. Megan (41.06 mg TE/kg FM) and the highest in cv. Arlet (56.16 mg TE/kg FM). For TP content determination lyophilised potato samples were used. The determined values ranged from 256.44 until 425.37 mg.kg-1 DM in followed order: Evelin < Arlet < Megan < Timea < Viola < Malvina. The obtained results were evaluated using one-factorial analysis ANOVA (LSD-test), statistical software Statgraphic. Mutual correlations between the contents of CGA, AA, TP and TAC were evaluated using regression and correlation analysis (Microsoft Excel). Statistically significant dependence (P-value < 0.05) between observed factors was confirmed.