To facilitate the ongoing transition toward a circular economy, the availability of renewable materials for additive manufacturing becomes increasingly important. Here, we report the successful fabrication of complex shaped prototypes from biobased acrylate photopolymer resins, employing a commercial stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printer. Four distinct resins with a biobased content ranging from 34 to 67% have been developed. All formulations demonstrated adequate viscosity and were readily polymerizable by the UV-laser-based SLA process. Increasing the double-bond concentration within the resin results in stiff and thermally resilient 3D printed products. High-viscosity resins lead to high-resolution prototypes with a complex microarchitecture and excellent surface finishing, comparable to commercial nonrenewable resins. These advances can facilitate the wide application of biobased resins for construction of new sustainable products via stereolithographic 3D printing methods.

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SYNOPSISPoly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate)(PEN) has been prepared from commercial dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (DM-2,6-NDC) and ethylene glycol (EG) according to the well-known transesterification/polycondensation route. P E N fibers, intended for industrial yarn applications, were obtained by melt spinning and drawing high molecular weight PEN. The properties of these yarns were measured in detail and compared with those of P E T industrial yarns. The development of molecular orientation in the spinline is more pronounced for PEN than for PET. Because the yield stress is lower, P E N yarns can more easily be drawn. Breaking tenacities of PEN yarns are comparable with those of P E T yarns, but the modulus is much higher and the thermal shrinkage is lower. Therefore, P E N yarns have a better dimensional stability than PET yarns. In addition, it was demonstrated that the thermal resistance of P E N yarns is better. 0 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Please cite this article as: Jäger, J., Sause, M.G.R., Burkert, F., Moosburger-Will, J., Greisel, M., Horn, S., Influence of plastic deformation on single-fiber push-out tests of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin, Composites: Part A (2015), doi: http://dx. AbstractIn our study we present a procedure to measure and analyze single-fiber push-out force-displacement curves on carbon fiber reinforced polymers using a cyclic loading-unloading scheme. The measured cyclic force-displacement curves allow an energy-based evaluation of the interfacial failure, taking into account elastic, plastic and other dissipative energy contributions. Experimental and modeling results demonstrate that a deviation of the push-out curve from linear behavior does not correspond to crack opening but to a plastic deformation of the matrix. Evaluating the plastic energy yields a linear increase of the total plastic energy after a certain indenter displacement. This linear increase is attributed to stable crack propagation.Back-extrapolation of the linear part to zero total plastic energy using a linear regression yields the initiation of crack growth. It is concluded that for ductile matrix materials like polymers, a reliable interpretation of push-out data has to take into account plastic material deformation.