Introduction: Parallel with the progression of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), the levels of 78KDa Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) are increased as they may activate the induction of anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL2 Associated Athanogene 3 (BAG3). Previous studies have indicated that there is a positive correlation among GRP78, HIF-1α and BAG3. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metabolic factors involved in invasive CLL on apoptotic factors. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 77 patients diagnosed with CLL along with 100 healthy individuals. Cell blood count was performed for all participants. According to Binet's classification, CLL patients were divided into different groups. B cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of CLL patients by binding to anti-CD19 beads. The expression of BAG3, GRP78 and HIF-1α genes was analyzed using the RT-PCR method. To confirm the results of RT-PCR, western blot analysis was carried out. Results: The results showed that there was a strong association among the expression of BAG3, GRP78 and HIF-1α. The stage of CLL in patients was highly correlated with the expression rate of each gene (p<0.001). Accordingly, the western blot analysis indicated that the concentrations of GRP78 and HIF-1α were significantly higher than the expression of BAG3, considering the stage of CLL. Conclusion: It was shown that increased expression of GRP78 and HIF-1α could result in the elevation of BAG3, as well as the disease progression. Therefore, the role of these metabolic factors might be more pronounced compared with the anti-apoptotic agents to monitor disease progression in CLL patients.

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Introduction: Infant crying causes an increase in intracranial pressure which is equivalent to a decrease in CSF and also a decrease in CSF before ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes observed. The object of this study is to evaluate the effect of crying on premature infant brain pressure and the effect of crying on brain autoregulation. Method: In a case-control study, the participants were 53 premature infants with the ability to cry and 43 non-crying premature. Apgar score and after birth blood gases were estimated, and 200 µl capillary samples were collected from the heel for assessment of blood gases before,during and after crying. A transcranial Doppler device used to measure cerebral blood flow volume (CBFV) levels and compared in three sections during, before, and after crying. Results: The CO2 higher level was during crying in comparison with after and before crying (P<0.001). The brain volume was enlarger during crying than after and before crying, as well (P<0.001). The Doppler ultrasound results showed that the higher resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) occurred during crying than after and before crying (P<0.001). There was the lowest end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and Peak systolic velocity (PSV) during crying than after and before crying (P=0.001).Conclusion: The results suggest that the brain volume has increased during crying, which is associated with simultaneous entry of CSF. In intracranial hemorrhage (IH), there is a decrease in CSF which is accompanied by a decrease in brain activity. Therefore, crying with an increased CSF and brain magnetic activity can probably prevent IH.

Objective The association between preterm birth (PTB), Spindle and Kinetochore Associated Complex Subunit 2 gene (<i>SKA2</i>), cortisol and anxiety have been shown, but in this study, we aimed to clarify whether the expression of the <i>SKA2</i> gene plays a role in interleukin1β (IL-1β) level since increasing level of IL-1β is linked with PTB.Methods The case-control study was conducted on 49 and 51 women with preterm and term delivery, respectively. The score of anxiety was ranked according to the Spielberger state trait Anxiety Inventory. The concentration of cortisol and IL-1β was determined by the ELISA method. The expression of <i>SKA2</i> gene was assessed by the quantitative real time real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The western blot analysis was also performed to confirm the expression of <i>SKA2</i> at the levels of protein.Results The results showed that the gene/protein expression of <i>SKA2</i>, the concentrations of cortisol and IL-1β were significantly higher in the preterm than the term group. In the preterm group, the expression of <i>SKA2</i> was positively correlated to the other factors including cortisol, IL-1β, and the degree of anxiety.Conclusion Our findings suggest that the expression of <i>SKA2</i> was correlated positively to the levels of cortisol, IL-1β and the rate of anxiety in women with PTB.

Background The complications of intraventricular-cerebral hemorrhage in premature infants are irreversible and epilepsy is common in these infants. Inflammation may cause damage to brain cells by increasing oxygen consumption, intracellular calcium, and acidosis. In an infant with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), the increase of HIF-1a and HVCN1can reduce the complication of oxygen consumption and acidosis as well as by decrease of S100B can protect nerve cells from apoptosis and epilepsy through less brain damage. In this study, we investigated apoptosis in hypoxic mice influenced by miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1. Methods YKL40, HIF-1a, HVCN1, and S100b genes were compared between two groups of preterm infants with and without maternal inflammation on the firth and the third day of birth, and also they were followup up three months later to observe their seizures. Then, we transfected miRNAs into cell lines to detect the changes in YKL40, HIF-1a, HVCN1, and S100b genes expression and nerve cell apoptosis. By using specific siRNAs injected in mice, we increased the expression of HIF-1a and HVCN1 and decreased S100b genes. Changes in gene expression were assessed using real-time PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry (FCM), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The expression of the HVCN1 gene revealed a strong negative correlation with epilepsy in both groups of newborns (P < 0.001). The expression levels of the S100b, YKL40, and HIF-1a genes were significantly correlated with epilepsy (P < 0.001). By FCM, the apoptotic index (A.I.) was 41.6 ± 3.3 and 34.5 ± 5.2% after transfecting miRNA-431 and miRNA-34a in cell lines, respectively, while the A.I. was 9.6 ± 2.7 and 7.1 ± 4.2% after transfecting miRNA-21 and miRNA-138. By using IHC double-labeling, it was determined that when hypoxic mice received simultaneous injections of miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1, there was less apoptosis and epilepsy than in the hypoxia group. Conclusions By injecting miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1 simultaneously into hypoxia mice, we boosted HVCN1 and HIF-1a and decreased S100b, which reduced apoptosis and epilepsy in hypoxic mice.