Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the triglyceride/glucose index (TyG index) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Additionally, we compared the ability of the TyG index and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) index and the combination of these two indices (TyG index plus TG/HDL-c) to predict insulin resistance (IR) in South American overweight and obese children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 345 overweight adolescents aged 10–18 years, from both the sexes. The TyG index was calculated as Ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL])/2, while the TG/HDL-c index was calculated by the division of TG (mg/dL) by HDL-c (mg/dL). HOMA-IR was calculated with the formula: fasting insulin (FI) (U/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. The cut-off point used to determine the presence of IR was HOMA-IR ≥ 3.16. Results The TyG index showed a positive correlation with HOMA-IR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the TyG index was 0.74, indicating good sensitivity (75.7%) and specificity (67.4%). Furthermore, the TyG index cut-off point of >4.44 was established for IR prediction in this population. Conclusions The TyG index is a simple and cost-effective surrogate marker of IR in South American overweight children and adolescents. Moreover, due to its good accessibility, it can be used in large epidemiological studies.

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide, no mattering age groups and socioeconomic status. In Brazil, it is still unclear the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, since most Brazilian studies have only verified regional prevalence of obesity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the scientific production regarding the prevalence of weight excess in Brazilian children and adolescents. A search in the relevant electronic databases Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo and BVS was performed. After analyzing 61 studies, the overall prevalence was 25.5%.When sample was stratified weight excess degree, a prevalence of17% and 11.6% for overweight and obesity were observed, respectively. Analyzing differences by sex, boys presented higher prevalence of overall weight excess (e.g., 26.4% vs 23.5%), overweight (17% vs 16%) and obesity (11.9% vs 9.1%) than girls. With respect to Brazilian regions and its differences, individuals from southern presented the highest prevalence of overall weight excess (33.2%) and overweight (20.1%). The southeastern region showed the highest prevalence of obesity (18.2%).The results obtained in the current study indicate that Brazil presents a scenario of crescent increasing on the prevalence of weight excess. These results are in accordance with studies from other countries,and reinforce the increase of the overall weight excess prevalence in Brazilian children and adolescents, highlighting the increasing of obesity rates, since it is a more concerning condition than overweight. Therefore, preventive measures to reduce weight excess increase, as well as treatment programs aiming to tackle obesity in childhood should be public health system top priority.

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RESUMOIntrodução: O risco cardiometabólico está associado a diversos fatores, entre os quais, o estado nutricional tem papel destacado. Objetivos: Este estudo verificou a influência do estado nutricional sobre o Índice de Adiposidade Visceral (VAI, do inglês) e seus componentes em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-associativo, de caráter transversal, realizado com 290 sujeitos de 10 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos. Foram avaliados estatura, massa corporal, IMC, HDL-c, TG e VAI. Realizaram-se os testes Shapiro-Wilk, teste t de Student independente, U de Mann-Whitney, ANOVA One-Way, Kruskal-Wallis, Post Hoc de Bonferroni, Correlação de Pearson e cálculo da razão de chances (odds ratio). A significância adotada foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: Os testes demonstraram haver diferenças significativas entre os sexos para a idade, HDL-c e VAI. Nas variáveis HDL-c, TG e VAI foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os adolescentes eutróficos e as demais classificações do estado nutricional. Verificou-se também uma piora das variáveis utilizadas para o cálculo do VAI para os adolescentes com classificação do estado nutricional alterado (não eutróficos), indicando, portanto, maior risco cardiometabólico associado ao excesso de peso. Verificou-se forte correlação entre o VAI e o TG (0,865) e correlação moderada negativa entre VAI e HDL-c (-0,405). Após o odds ratio, constatou-se que os participantes com excesso de peso e CC alterada, respectivamente, apresentaram 2,3 e 1,5 vezes mais chance de risco cardiometabólico (VAI alterado). Conclusões: O estado nutricional é capaz de influenciar as variáveis de risco cardiometabólico, VAI, CC, TG e HDL-c em crianças e adolescentes. Nesta população, independente do sexo, à medida que o valor do IMC se eleva, há progressão de alterações metabólicas. Em complemento, o VAI apresentou uma correlação significativa com TG, HDL-c, IMC e CC das crianças e adolescentes do estudo, podendo assim ser visto como alternativa de predição do risco cardiometabólico.Descritores: obesidade; atividade motora; educação física e treinamento. ABSTRACT