Objective: To investigate the prevalence of difficulties in adopting initial breastfeeding techniques and their association with breast disorders in postpartum women.Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out with 276 randomly selected mother-baby pairs in rooming-in in 3 hospitals in a city of Minas Gerais State (southeast Brazil). An assessment protocol was established to evaluate the breastfeeding technique used. The association between the variables studied and breast disorders was determined by the chi-square test followed by logistic regression, with significance level set at 0.05.Results: The main factors indicating difficulties to initiate the breastfeeding techniques were inadequate attachment of the baby to the breast (25%), baby response to the contact with the breast (26.1%) and breast disorders (28.3%). Variables associated with postparturm breast disorders were: adolescent mothers (OR 3.35; 95%CI 1.51-7.44; p=0.003); maternal schooling ≤8 years (OR 2.07; 95%CI 1.01-4.23; p=0.048); and supplement provision to the newborn at the hospital (OR 2.36; 95%CI 1.40-4.92; p=0.003). Mothers working outside the household (OR 0.31; 95%CI 0.16-0.61; p=0.001) served as as protective factor on the multivariate model.Conclusions: The main difficulties in initial breastfeeding were associated with breast disorders, and the factors associated with this problem included demographic and social, variables, as well as others related to the care routine adopted by maternity hospitals.

Objectives: the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of initial difficulties in breastfeeding on duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: a prospective study with follow up of nursing mothers and their babies in the first six months of age. The studied population was randomly selected among the Brazilian public health system (SUS, Portuguese acronym) users in three hospitals. The breastfeeding observation protocol was used to collect initial data, which also included socio-demographic, prenatal assistance, delivery care, the postpartum period and the newborn variables. After hospital discharge, data were collected by phone. The multiple regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results: 175 mother-baby binomials were followed. Problems with breasts during the postpartum hospital stay (p= 0.030; OR=2.38; CI95%=1.02-5.48), maternal work outside home (p=0.027; OR=2.12; CI95%=1.03-4.31) and low maternal schooling level (p=0.017; OR=2.13; CI95%=1.10-4.06) were shown to be associated with the early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding before the child has completed 6 months of age. A family income lower than one minimum wage was a protective factor (p=0.048; OR=0.42; CI95%=0.17-0.97). Conclusions: socioeconomic aspects and difficulties in breastfeeding associated with problems with the puerperal breasts stood out as factors which restrict the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

RESUMOIntrodução:O bullying é um tipo de violência que se caracteriza como um obstáculo ameaçador, no qual os jovens são excluídos, discriminados, agredidos e até machucados por outros. É um problema encontrado em todo o mundo. Objetivo: identificar, com base na literatura, as características associadas à vítima de bullying nas escolas brasileiras.Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, utilizando os descritores "Adolescência" e "Bullying". Foram utilizados os filtros: texto completo, em língua portuguesa, últimos seis anos (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). Resultados: Este estudo apontou diversas características associadas à vítima de bullying nas escolas brasileiras e, portanto sintetizaram-se as seguintes categorias temáticas: Baixa autoestima, Fragilidade em relação ao agressor,Sexo feminino: mais vulnerável, Alunos de séries iniciais, Membro de família monoparental, Sem apoio, reagem violentamente, Associação positiva ao consumo de drogas e Apresentam sintomas emocionais.Conclusão:Obullyingé uma violência à saúde mental das vítimas. Portanto faz-se necessário o incentivo a pesquisas nesta área, pois o conhecimento pode estabelecer uma visão mais ampla e mais próxima da realidade. Palavras-chave: Bullying; Violência; Adolescente; Adulto Jovem; Vítimas de Crime. CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH BULLYING VICTIMS IN BRAZILIAN SCHOOLSABSTRACT Introduction: Bullying is a form of violence characterized as a threatening obstacle, in which the young people are excluded,discriminated against, assaulted and even hurt by others.It is a problem encountered worldwide. Objective: The aim of this paper is to identify, based on the literature, the characteristics associated with bullying victims in Brazilian schools. Methodology: This is an integrative review performed on the Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde database, using the descriptors "Adolescência" and "Bullying". The following filters were used: complete text, Portuguese language, published from 2010 to 2015. Results: This studypointedto several characteristics associated with bullying victims in Brazilian schools and the following thematic categories were set: low self steem, weakness against the aggressor, female sex: more vulnerable, students in early grades, one parent family members, no support, violent reactions, positive association with drugs consumption and emotional symptoms presented. Conclusion: Bullying is a violence to the victim's mental health. Therefore, researches in this area are encouraged, as knowledge can establish a broader and closer view of reality.