To calculate the radiation balance of small-scale heterogeneous terrain well known approaches were combined with the vegetation-boundary layer model HIRVAC (HIgh Resolution Vegetation Atmosphere Coupler). These modified approaches were transferred in a GIS (ArcView) environment to consider both topographic influences (terrain geometry, sky view factor) and the influence of different land uses (e.g. pasture and forest) on radiation components. The GIS application is based on the digital elevation model of the Saxonian land surveying office (SLVA) with a resolution of 25 meters and on the land use classification from the Institute of Cartography of the Technical University Dresden. The model was applied to the Eastern Ore Mountains (Saxony/Germany). To illustrate the results the area of the "Tharandter Wald" near Dresden was selected. The results show that the influences of topography and land use on radiation balance are equally important on a terrain with complex land surface patterns and a strong domination of small-scale topography. The shortwave insolation on a clear Spring day is, e.g., over areas with northern aspect up to 10 times lower than over southward orientated areas. The spruce areas in the forest are characterised by 2 times higher daily sums of net radiation than the adjacent clearcuts. The model results are in adequate agreement with measurements of the "Anchor Station Tharandter Wald" for the investigated period. The results can be applied for water budget modelling, forest management and for downscaling of satellite information. Zusammenfassung Zur Berechnung der Strahlungsbilanz eines kleinräumig heterogenen Gebietes wurden Ansätze aus der Literatur mit Ergebnissen des Vegetations-Grenzschichtmodells HIRVAC (HIgh Resolution Vegetation Coupler) kombiniert. Die modifizierten Ansätze wurden in eine GIS-Umgebung (ArcView)übertragen, um sowohl topographische Einflüsse wie Geländegeometrie und Horizonteinschränkung (sky view faktor) als auch den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Landnutzung (z.B. Wiese und Wald) auf die Strahlungskomponenten zu berücksichtigen. Die Anwendung im GIS basiert auf dem digitalen Höhenmodell des Landesvermessungsamtes von Sachsen mit einer Auflösung von 25 m sowie der Landnutzungsklassifikation des Instituts für Kartographie der Technischen Universität Dresden. Das Modell wurde für das Osterzgebirge (Sachsen/BRD) angewendet. Zur Ergebnisdarstellung wurde ein Gebietsausschnitt im Tharandter Wald nahe Dresden ausgewählt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Einflüsse von Topografie und Landnutzung auf die Strahlungsbilanz in einem Gebiet mit komplexen Landoberflächenstrukturen und stark vom Relief geprägten Gelände gleichbedeutend sind. An einem Strahlungstag im Frühjahr ist z.B. die kurzwellige Einstrahlung auf nördlich orientierten Flächen bis zu zehnmal niedriger als auf südlich orientierten Flächen. Die Fichtenareale haben zweimal höhere Tagessummen der Strahlungsbilanz als benachbarte Kahlschläge. Die Modellergebnisse zeigen eine guteÜbereinstimmung mit Messwerten der "Ankerstation...
ABSTRACT:To regionalize precipitation on a small-scale, complex, low mountain range terrain, trigonometric relationships were constructed in a geographical information system (GIS) environment using a digital elevation model (DEM). The large-scale orographic effect and small-scale windward and leeward effects on precipitation were recorded and quantified using a grid-based combination of a terrain vector (slope angle, aspect) with a wind vector (wind direction, speed). This was based on the parameterization of a longer-term wind-precipitation distribution. Both effects were mapped for the meso-scale Weißeritz River catchment in the Ore Mountains of Germany, using an estimate of spatially distributed slope precipitation. It was shown that the small-scale windward and leeward effects modify the larger-scale orographic effect spatially. It was determined that both the amount and the phase of the small-scale windward and leeward effect correlates with the height above sea level. During the 1971-2003 growing seasons the amount of precipitation increased by 4% per 100 m, and for the 1971-2000 statistically heavy precipitation (SHP) (duration: 24 h, return period: 100 years) the increase was 1% per 100 m. The phase shift occurred because the main wind veered south-west to west to north-west with elevation increase, and it was more pronounced for mean than for heavy precipitation. Spatial slope precipitation was estimated to be within the 390-715 mm range for mean adjusted precipitation and 100-140 mm for SHP. The maximum of the windward and leeward effect on precipitation amounts to ±25% of fallen precipitation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.