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Most existing mobility management deployments such as MIPv6, PMIPv6 and 3GPP utilize centralized mobility anchors in the hierarchical network architecture. Centralized mobility schemes are subject to restrictions on reliability of SPOF (Single Point Of Failure) and network scalability, etc. As an alternative to the centralized approaches, DMM (Distributed Mobility Management) mechanisms have been actively and widely studied these days. In DMM, functions of the anchor node are efficiently distributed to access routers. This paper suggests the network-based partially distributed mobility management mechanism and performs extensive simulations under various traffic environments for verification and evaluation of the suggested scheme. Performance indexes such as Tx/Rx UDP traffic, end-to-end data transfer delay, binding delay, CPU utilization, WLAN throughput are analyzed and compared among MIPv6, PMIPv6 and the suggested DMM scheme. Simulation results show that the DMM scheme suggested in this paper is useful for IP mobility management research in wireless environment.

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The demand for online education has rapidly increased due to the influence of COVID-19. One of the biggest challenges in engineering education is how to efficiently conduct experiments online. In this paper, for the virtual experimental system for microcontroller application that is essential for education in the field of electrical, electronic, and control engineering, we described the microcontroller functional modeling and implementation with Java language. The usefulness of the developed microcontroller module has been verified through educational field application.

A smart phone subscriber needs wide bandwidth services for more fast data communication on the internet. The conventional MIMO system is now developing to resolve these problems with limited device space for antenna and frequency band environment reserved. One of way to make it practically is to add the number of antennas theoretically. But it is difficult to increase the antenna element as a limited space on the system. Therefore an active beam forming scheme is known as a way of constructing a Compact MIMO system for that. In this paper, the fast switching control block was suggested to adjust a reactance of the antenna element and verified experimentally the effects by switching signal on an orthogonal beam forming through a spatial domain.