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RESUMO: Este trabalho tem uma abordagem didática voltada ao ensino da representação gráfica digital para o projeto de arquitetura, procurando identificar estruturas de saber que suportem os conceitos geométricos empregados em obras da arquitetura contemporânea. Diante dos avanços tecnológicos e da recente inserção do design paramétrico em escritórios e escolas de arquitetura, o estudo propõe reconhecer as técnicas de modelagem paramétrica, relacionadas a tais conceitos. Como método de explicitação das estruturas de saber são adotados os conceitos de taxonomia e ontologia, os quais permitem classificar, hierarquizar e associar os conceitos de geometria e de técnicas de modelagem paramétrica. O estudo também visa contribuir para as reflexões, no ensino de arquitetura, sobre as estratégias projetuais baseadas na geometria utilizada pelos arquitetos contemporâneos, uma vez que as representações paramétricas destas geometrias exigem uma compreensão teórica profunda de seus elementos constituintes.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Ensino de Arquitetura; Modelagem Paramétrica; Arquitetura Contemporânea; Taxonomia; Ontologia.ABSTRACT: This work has a didactic approach directed to the teaching of digital graphic representation for the architectural design. It seeks to identify structures of knowledge that support the geometric concepts employed in works of contemporary architecture. Faced with the technological advances and the recent insertion of parametric design in offices and schools of architecture, the study proposes the clarification of knowledge structures for the recognition of parametric modeling techniques related to those concepts. For such clarification, the notions of taxonomies and ontologies have been adopted, allowing the classification, hierarchization and association of the concepts of parametric modeling techniques and geometry. The study also aims to contribute to reflections, in the teaching of architecture, on the geometric design strategies used by contemporary architects, since the parametric representations of these geometries require a deeper theoretical understanding of their constituent elements.
Teaching descriptive geometry, in the context of this study, is characterized by the continuous investment in recognizing digital representation technologies which can enhance the didactic activities in architectural training. This study describes this trajectory which includes the use of virtual reality, augmented reality and parametric modelling, as well as freehand drawing and the production of physical models both by automating the unfolding process and by digital fabrication processes of 3D printing and laser cutting. In addition to questioning the relevance and sustainability of the infrastructure needed to ensure the continuation of this trajectory, the potentialities identified in each of the learning activities that have been structure, are shown. Although these potentialities are specific to this context, it is considered that this type of record contributes to understand the issues being faced in teaching practices.
This paper describes a method of analysis of metallic artifacts present in the eclectic buildings considered cultural heritage in the city of Pelotas. This kind of analysis is configured as a reference in order to structure didactic content to be used in courses which discuss the geometry of form in a context of architectural training. These analyses demonstrate the potential of identifying basic concepts of geometry which can be viewed in a concrete manner in the compositions being analyzed.
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