No abstract

This study was done to determine the prevalence of lower urinary tract infection (UTI), the causative pathogens, their antimicrobial pattern, and the recurrence of infection in type 2 diabetic subjects. A total of 1157 (M: F 428: 729) type 2 diabetic subjects were selected for this study. Midstream urine specimens were collected and the culture tests were done by a quantitative method whereas antimicrobial sensitivity was determined by using the Kirby-Bauer method. A significant colony count was seen in 495 (42.8%) subjects and an insignificant count in 350 (30.3%) subjects; there were a few cases of recurrent UTI. Women (47.9%) had a significantly higher prevalence of UTI than men (34.1%) (χ2 = 20.3, P < 0.0001). Except for BMI, UTI was significantly associated with age, duration of diabetes, and poor glycemic control in both sexes. About 533 pathogens of gram positive and gram negative bacilli were isolated from 495 subjects in this study. Escherichea coli (E. coli) was the most commonly found organism. Gram negative pathogens were found to be highly sensitive to sulbactum / cefoperazone and piperacillin / tazobactum. The prevalence of UTI was significantly higher in women than men with E. coli being the major isolated pathogen. Gram negative pathogens were highly sensitive to sulbactum / cefoperazone and piperacillin / tazobactum.

Aim: The present study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of osteoporosis, symptoms, etiology, factors influencing the osteoporosis in patients with liver complications and to study the association of osteoporosis and severity of liver dysfunction and impact of osteoporosis on quality of life.Methods: 90 eligible patients tested in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital. Patient's samples were collected, tested and results recorded. Results:Out of 90 patients (M-84.4%, F-15.6%) and as age progressed, osteopenia and osteoporosis found than the normal patients. Higher percentage of patients had Fatigue symptoms. Common etiology was HBV. As the Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CTP) scoring was increased from A to C the numbers of patients were increased from normal to osteopenia followed by osteoporosis. Statistical significance was found between Normal and Low Bone Marrow Density (BMD) with Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), Vitamin-D, Para-thyroid hormone and Duration of diseases. Statistical significant found between Normal and Low BMD in the elevation biological markers like T. bilirubin, AST, ALT, SAP (females) and Albumin. Conclusion:Among the liver diseases patients ¾ of them were with Low BMD. Linear progression of low BMD was found with increased age. With the symptom also we can detect low BMD in liver diseases patients. As the CTP increased low BMD was observed. Alcoholic liver disease had highest proportion of osteoporosis. Routine testing of vitamin D in HBV patients, higher MELD and increased duration of liver diseases will guide us for better and early diagnosis of low BMD among the liver diseases population.

Background: To study the prevalence of HCV in patients with Liver disease, HCV related patient's profile, age, obesity, habits, biological marker, Co-morbidities, Diabetes, Obesity, Hepato Celluar Carcinoma (HCC) and detecting Liver stiffness. Material and methods:Prevalence of HCV was studied in 69,353 patients with liver disease. Tests done and results were recorded.Results: Overall prevalence of HCV in patients with liver disease was 1.3% in our present study, conducted in South Indian population. Statistical significance was found between screened patients and serological and virological reactive patients. Liner prevalence of HCV was observed and double fold increases in the year 2013. No bad habits were found in 49.7% and unhealthy habits in 50.3%. Co-morbidies found in 60.1% and no co-morbidies in 39.9%.Prevalence of Diabetes mellitus and obese were 20.9% and 34.8% respectively in HCV reactive patients with liver disease. 2.5% of patients were with Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC). Elevation of biological markers were studied (S. protein-63.9%, ALT -50.6%, AST-50.3%. Alkaline phosphatase-(M-35.5%, F-39.1%). As year progresses prevalence of HCV increased in both gender and HCV reactivity were higher in male than female. A statistical significant was found in detecting liver stiffness by fibroscan. Conclusion:Liner increase of HCV was found. Higher numbers of patients were with unhealthy habits among the study population. CLD and CKD were found in higher percentage in HCV reactive patients with liver disease. 1/5 and 1/3 of our HCV reactive patients were Diabetic and obese respectively. Fibroscan was the best non-invasive marker in detecting liver stiffness in our study.