Acylgermanes have been subject of great interest recently because of their low toxicity and the applicability as sources for germanium-centered radicals for visible-light induced free radical polymerization processes. We report on a novel and versatile method for the synthesis of tetraacylgermanes allowing the preparation of various tetra-substituted acylgermanes 1a−m. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. UV−vis absorption spectra of the prepared compounds reveal absorption in the visible region. This transition was assigned by TD-DFT calculations. It enabled a general screening of the influence of different substitution patterns on the absorption properties. The radical formation upon irradiation was confirmed by TR-EPR spectroscopy.

Dedicated to Professor Frank Uhlig on the occasion of his 60 th birthdayIsolable stannenolates LKSn[(CO)R] 3 (R = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (1 a, b), L = DME for (1 a) or 18-crown-6 for (1 b)), a new building block for the synthesis of effective Sn-based photoinitiators, were synthesized. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 a is employed as a synthon in main group chemistry through reactions with two different types of electrophiles (acid chlorides and alkyl halides). All investigated electrophiles react via the salt metathesis reaction and gave rise to novel acylstannanes in good to excellent yields. The applicability as visible light photoinitiators is demonstrated by photobleaching (UV/Vis absorption spectroscopic studies) as well as through application in photo-DSC studies.

The synthetic process to obtain triacylgermenolates with alternated counterions by single-electron-transfer reactions or by a direct approach is described. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy. Moreover, metal–metal exchange reactions of potassium-substituted triacylgermenolate 2a with MgBr 2 , ZnCl 2 , and HgCl 2 are presented. Additionally, 2a was reacted with n Bu 4 NBr, which led to the formation of ammonia-substituted triacylgermenolate 8 . Furthermore, we reacted 2a with HCl/Et 2 O to obtain triacylgermane 9 . Subsequently, we investigated the reaction of 9 with t Bu 2 Zn and t Bu 2 Hg. NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and UV–vis spectroscopy are employed for analysis of structural properties.

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The long running-battle for equality in sports has now reached a new peak in women’s soccer. An increasing number of countries newly add women’s soccer programs and several existing national teams fight for a further professionalization and equal payments. This demand is part of an empowerment process. In soccer, women still form a marginalized group, but they increasingly gain more scope within the social subsystem “soccer”. In this context, sports have a considerable social and spatial significance on the individual, socio-cultural and structural level. This article focusses on one aspect of this multi-layer empowerment process and deals with the influences related to international cooperation, like traveling of delegates and teams as a form of sports tourism. The main goal is to carve out the increasing importance of such travel activities for a further development of sports and through sports. Therefore, the article raises the question, which role do international cooperation and associated travel activities play within the sports development context and do they foster structural and social developments in a certain regional context? What are the most common ways of exchange within the sports sector? Which role do particular settings and regional backgrounds play? With regard to women’s football in Arab countries, this article deals with the developments in Jordan. In Jordan, the deregulation of the ban on headscarves and the support by HRH Prince Ali bin al-Hussein, president of the Jordan Football Association (JFA), former FIFA vice-president and half-brother of King Abdullah II, have achieved a decisive boost. Prior to the FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup 2016 and the Asian Cup 2018, JFA has signed several Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) with different associations. These MoU play a vital role because they are important for the transfer of knowledge, the structural developments in Jordanian women’s football and include several travel activities.