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Change management in e-government implementation is a very complex issue. E-government services are frequently distributed over different IT systems and organizations. There are also events from outside the public administration that cause changes such as government policies and legislation, public-private partnership, etc., and finally a huge resistance to change exists in public administration proverbial. Another problem is that the e-government is predominantly seen only as a technology mission and not as an organizational transformation issue. Those are probably the main reasons that the existing literature about change management in e-government is still missing at large. There are articles dealing with some aspects of changes affected by the new technology implementation, however, there is no comprehensive framework that would identify changes that have to be managed in e-government implementation. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to identify a comprehensive set of changes that have to be considered in e-government implementation and the role of leadership in such processes. Finally, the paper proposes a conceptual model of change management in e-government implementation.

Abstract. Relationship between technology and organisational changes in public sector has become the subject of increasingly intensive research within the last decade. Studies dealing such relationship could be divided in two major groups -first group regards ICT in the e-government period as the key factor of organizational transformation and the second group regards ICT as an equal and co-dependent element in relation to other organizational factors. These two groups of studies could be further classified within two organizational theoriesTechnological Determinism and Socio-Technical Theory. The aim of this paper is to critically analyse those theories in the sense of formal theoretical framework to explain relationship between ICT and other organisational factors through the lens of Leavitt`s diamond. On the basis of critical analysis and synthesis of available literature the draft of a new conceptual model for explaining such relationship will be proposed.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a more comprehensive framework that would provide better insight into the characteristics of organisational transformation (OT) of the public sector organisations in the e-government era. Despite the widespread opinion that successful implementation of information communication technology (ICT) is strongly correlated with the appropriate OT of the public sector, a critical analysis of the available literature within the field indicates that this important dimension of e-government development has been dealt with only partially. Accordingly, the paper attempts the following: to develop a more comprehensive framework for observing OT, to empirically explain the framework through analysis of three Slovenian e-government projects and to develop some general characteristics of ICT-induced OT in the public sector. Design/methodology/approach – The development of the framework is based on an analysis of the available literature, whereas the explanation of such is based on a multiple-case study approach. Findings – The paper contributes to a clearer understanding of what the main characteristics of OT in the e-government era are and how they should be observed. Research limitations/implications – The findings can help researchers to more accurately focus their attention on the most critical aspects of OT. The identified attributes can provide an important basis for future research, particularly from the methodological perspective. Practical implications – The framework can help public managers to focus their attention on the most important attributes of ICT-induced OT to exploit ICT potentials more efficiently. Originality/value – The paper attempts to demystify the concept of OT in the e-government field and place it in a more solid theoretical and empirically explained framework.

Abstract. Methodologies for evaluation of e-government policies do not provide enough valuable information to policy makers in conducting quality planning of e-government initiatives. Consequently, user acceptance of e-government services is below government anticipations, while the expected effects in terms of reducing costs and increasing the effectiveness of public administration are still in early stages. Paper presents an overview of existing methodologies for evaluation of e-government policies, identifies characteristics of recent evaluations and conceptualizes a theoretical framework for their comparative analysis. Analysis of more than 50 evaluation methodologies offers an insight into the current evaluation practice, enables detection of its deficiencies as well as their mitigation and could facilitate a significant contribution to more evidence-based evaluation of e-government policies.Keywords: e-government policy, evaluation methodology, evaluation and development level, comparative analysis. IntroductionDespite extensive research in the recent years [1][2][3] and considerable investments in the field; EU countries are investing approximately 2.2% of GDP in public sector ICT [4][5][6], the phenomenon of e-government remains ambiguous and still lacks a unified definition. OECD studies indicate that further e-government development is one of the most important factors of public sector rationalization, as well as faster countries' development [7][8][9]. E-government development so far has been marked by a large gap between supply and demand of public e-services in most countries, which can be prevailingly attributed to "politically driven" development rather than evidence-based evaluation and selection of e-government policies [10][11][12]. Some countries (e.g. Estonia) [13][14][15] have been accomplishing much better results in evaluation and implementation of e-government policies compared to several other countries with much higher investments. Past experience in the field and public finance trends evidently require the development of methodologies 1 for evaluation of e-government policies 1 The collective term "methodologies" will be used hereinafter, denoting approaches, indicator models, measurement frameworks and similar undertakings for evaluation of e-government policies.