Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are fabricated by gravure printing. The compromise between device performance and printing quality is correlated to the ink formulation and the printing process. It is shown that the rheological properties of the ink formulations of LECs can be tailored without changing the chemical composition of the material blend.

Progressive addition lenses (PALs) are realized as optical freeform surfaces by complex manufacturing and inspection processes. In turn, holographic optical elements (HOEs) enable fast and easy fabrication in other applications. Here we present a design method for the combination of both; HOEs that are designed to fulfill the optical function of PALs. We describe how inherent limitations of HOEs, such as angular and wavelength selectivity as well as grating dispersion can be overcome. We show that holographic PALs can be optimized to have a distribution of spherical power and astigmatism, which is a qualitative replication of the performance of their refractive counterparts. The design rules we identify are shown for PALs but have the potential to improve other applications of HOEs as well.

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In this contribution, we investigate hybrid single vision spectacle lenses (SVSLs) consisting of holographic optical elements (HOEs) embedded into a refractive lens. We evaluate the performance of two examples of hybrid SVSLs in terms of their distributions of spherical error (SPH error), astigmatic error (AST error) and transverse chromatic error (CE) over the lens surface, simulating the optical performance for the patient's rotating eye. We find that, particularly for high prescription values, hybrid SVSLs outperform their purely refractive counterparts in terms of CE with the additional benefit of reducing the lens thickness. As such, we show that hybrid refractive, holographic designs can be a viable alternative to purely refractive SVSLs for high prescription SVSLs.