Using extremely large number of processing elements in computing systems leads to unexpected phenomena, such as different efficiencies of the same system for different tasks, that cannot be explained in the frame of the classical computing paradigm. The introduced simple non-technical model enables to set up a frame and formalism needed to explain the unexpected experiences around supercomputing. The paper shows that the degradation of the efficiency of the parallelized sequential system is a natural consequence of the computing paradigm, rather than an engineering imperfectness. The workload is greatly responsible for wasting the energy as well as limiting the size and the type of tasks the supercomputers can run. Case studies provide insight how the different contributions compete for dominating the resulting payload performance of the computing system, and how enhancing the technology made the computing+communication the dominating contribution in defining the efficiency of supercomputers. The model also enables to derive predictions about the supercomputer performance limitations for the near future as well as provides hints for enhancing the supercomputer components. The phenomena show interesting parallels with the phenomena experienced in science more than a century ago and through their studying a modern science was developed.1 There are some doubts about the definition of exaFLOPS, whether it means R P eak or R M ax , in the former case whether it includes accelerator cores, and in the latter case measured by which benchmark and finally using what operand length. Here the term is used as R HP L M ax , using 64-bit floating operands. 2 A special issue https://link.springer.com/journal/11714/19/10 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEZY Computing: The name PEZY is an acronym derived from the greek derived Metric prefixs Peta, Eta, Zetta, Yotta 4 https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2019/06/17/hpc-ai-performance-record-summit/ https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/2018/06/08/genomics-code-exceeds-exaops-on-summitsupercomputer/ 5 The related work and speedup deserved the Gordon Bell Prize 6 It was also learned that specific processor design is needed for exascale: As part of the announcement the development line Knights Hill [20] was canceled and instead be replaced by a "new platform and new microarchitecture specifically designed for exascale". 7 Despite its failure, the SpiNNaker2 is also under construction [19] 8 https://www.scmp.com/tech/policy/article/3015997/china-has-decided-not-fan-flamessuper-computing-rivalry-amid-us 9 https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm? doc id =60156

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Correlation satellite lines originating from the strong mixing between 5s15p5, 5s25p3nd (n=5, 6, 7, ...) and 5s25p3ms (m=6, 7, 8, ...) configurations in the final state of the N4,5-O1O2,3 Auger decay of Xe and between 4s14p5, 4s24p3nd (n=4, 5, 6, ...) and 4s24p3ms (m=5, 6, 7, ...) final-state configurations in the M4,5-N1N2,3 Auger decay of Kr have been studied by means of synchrotron-radiation excited electron spectroscopy and relativistic multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock calculations. Improvements in experimental and computational methods have made it possible, for the first time, to resolve and to assign most of the satellite lines with high accuracy.

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