Snakebites are a major Collective Health problem worldwide. In Brazil, Bothrops jararaca snake venom (BjV) evokes hemostatic disturbances, bleeding manifestations, and redox status imbalance. Specific antivenom therapy, although efficacious to revert most snakebite-induced manifestations, is incapable of treating secondary manifestations, such as oxidative/nitrosative stress. Searching for new complementary therapies that could attenuate physiological derangements triggered by envenomation, we elected to test quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) by its potential as both a potent antioxidant and a hemostasis modulatory compound. The activity of rutin was evaluated both on the biological activities of crude BjV in vitro, and in vivo by the ability of rutin (14.4 mg/kg b.w.) to modulate hematological, hemostatic and redox status markers altered by BjV injection (1.6 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) in mice. In vitro, rutin failed to inhibit BjV-induced platelet aggregation and biological activities of major BjV enzymes (metalloproteinases, phospholipases A2, serine proteases, and L-amino acid oxidases). On the other hand, rutin attenuated local hemorrhage, and the increase in reactive species, prevented the fall in RBC counts and fibrinogen levels, diminished tail bleeding and shortened prothrombin time (PT) evoked by envenomation. Furthermore, rutin reduced tissue factor (TF) activity and altered the protein expression of TF in liver, lungs, heart and skin. In conclusion, the disturbances in redox status and hemostatic system induced by B. jararaca envenomation were modulated by rutin, suggesting it has a great potential to be used as an ancillary therapeutic agent for snakebites.
A otocariose é uma doença parasitária causada pelo ácaro Otodectes cynotis, sendo frequentemente observado no ouvido de cães e gatos, como um dos principais causadores de otite externa. Para o tratamento da otocariose é necessário o uso de substâncias acaricidas. No entanto, é crescente o número de relatos sobre a resistência parasitária, sendo este um motivo de preocupação por parte de clínicos e proprietários. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito acaricida do óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) sobre a sarna Otodectes cynotis, foram formados três grupos experimentais de dez animais cada, que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: Grupo um: loção a 5% de óleo essencial de M. alternifolia; Grupo dois: loção a 5% de tiabendazol; Grupo três: loção à base de uma cera emulsificante não iônica. Todos os animais tiveram seus condutos auditivos externos tratados durante sete dias consecutivos e examinados periodicamente a fim de se observar a eficácia dos produtos. Concluiu-se que o óleo essencial de M. alternifolia pode ser empregado na espécie canina, como forma de tratamento para otite por O. cynotis.
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