A população ribeirinha da ilha de Jutuba, pertencente ao município de Belém, não possui abastecimento público de água, sendo obrigada a recorrer ao consumo das águas da Baia do Guajará, bacia que banha a ilha, porém que recebe diariamente o despejo in natura do esgoto da cidade. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a qualidade da água da Baia do Guajará utilizada para o consumo humano pela população ribeirinha da Ilha de Jutuba. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: cor aparente, turbidez, potencial hidrogeniônico, alcalinidade, sólidos dissolvidos totais , condutividade elétrica, dureza total, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. As análises das amostras demonstraram que somente as variáveis sólidos totais dissolvidos, dureza total e pH apresentaram valores apropriados para ingestão, enquanto a cor aparente, turbidez, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli inadequados aos limites de potabilidade nacional.
This article analyzes the participation, representation, and representativeness of Traditional Peoples and Communities (PCTs) in the State Water Resources Councils (CERHs) of the Eastern Amazon to verify whether such spaces have been the stage for debates, defense of collective interests, and decisions which are relevant to these populations. For this purpose, documental research was carried out regarding the laws, decrees, regulations, resolutions, and minutes published between the years 1997 and 2022 on the websites of the environmental secretariats of the states of Amapá, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, and Tocantins, resulting in the identification and analysis of 34 terms of office, 23 regulatory decrees, 169 resolutions, 30 minutes, etc. The results obtained indicated that the councils of Amapá, Tocantins, and Maranhão do not have in their decrees the projections of vacancies for PCTs, unlike the councils of Pará and Mato Grosso. Nevertheless, in these councils, the definition of vacancies for representatives of the PCTs was not addressed in 88.89 and 100% of the meetings held, respectively. In the end, it was found that the projections of vacancies for PCTs representatives in the councils do not guarantee effective participation, representation, and representativeness. Therefore, strategies that promote the inclusion and full participation of PCTs in CERHs of the Eastern Amazon are urgently needed.
In Brazil, Law No. 9,433/2007 was responsible for establishing the National Water Resources Policy and the National Water Resources Management System, with the aim of maintaining the quality and quantity of water resources, reducing conflicts due to multiple water uses and increasing the participation of civil society in decision-making on issues related to this resource. In 2001, it was the turn of Pará State to institute its own water resources legislation through State Law No. 6,381/2001, in consonance with federal legislation. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the institution of the Water Law in the State of Pará and to investigate how far the State has managed to implement the entities that make up its State Water Resources Management System and its management instruments. For this reason, a documental research was carried out in the record and resolutions of the State Council of Water Resources of Pará, a advisory, normative and deliberative body and occupant of the highest position within the state system, on the SEMAS website that contains in the Management Body of the state's water resources policy and in academic papers related to this subject. The results reveal that, even after almost two decades of this legislation, not all entities in the system are instituted, as well as some management instruments were not elaborated, particularly the State Water Resources Plan given its degree of importance.
Objetivo: Este artigo apresenta uma análise das resoluções aprovadas nos Conselhos Estaduais de Recursos Hídricos (CERHs) da Amazônia Oriental a fim de indicar o desempenho em relação ao atendimento da política nacional de recursos hídricos. Referencial teórico: As principais bases teóricas que fundamentam a pesquisa foram: a Lei nº 9.433/1007 e as competências e finalidades dos CERHs. Método: A pesquisa consistiu em uma abordagem quantitativa, do tipo exploratória e documental, tendo sido realizado o levantamento das resoluções publicadas entre os anos de 1997 a 2021, nos sites das secretarias de meio ambiente dos estados do Amapá, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará e Tocantins, resultando na identificação de 402 resoluções. Foi utilizada a análise do conteúdo e o emprego da estatística descritiva, tabelas e gráficos. Resultados e conclusão: Constatou-se que os conselhos do Mato Grosso, Maranhão e Tocantins, possuem 148, 112 e 110 resoluções aprovadas, respectivamente, indicando melhor desempenho deliberativo e normativo. Por outro lado, os conselhos do Pará e Amapá possuem somente 24 e 8 resoluções aprovadas, respectivamente, evidenciando a necessidade de intensificação nas atividades relativas às deliberações e normatizações de temas de interesse para a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Implicações da pesquisa: A pesquisa traz resultados que apontam o panorama deliberativo-normativo dos 5 CERHs da Amazônia Oriental. Originalidade/valor: A pesquisa contribui para a elucidação de como ocorre a dinâmica de deliberação e normalização nos CERHs da Amazônia Oriental e as informações poderão subsidiar o planejamento de ações, pelas secretarias estaduais de meio ambiente e membros dos conselhos, voltadas ao aperfeiçoamento do processo decisório, bem como, no avanço da capacidade deliberativa e da gestão das águas nos estados da Amazônia Oriental.
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