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Silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuNPs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their unique antimicrobial properties. Ethanol and water extracts of hawthorn fruit were chosen to prepare AgNPs and CuNPs. The effects of the pH, contact time, temperature of the solution, type of precursor of metal ions and type of hawthorn extract on the size distribution of particles were studied. The monodispersed and stable AgNPs and CuNPs were prepared with an average size of 60 nm and 200 nm, respectively. Total phenolic content and the anthocyanin content of extracts were determined. The antimicrobial activities of AgNPs and CuNPs were carried out with a series of microbial assays.

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Water treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma (GP) in contact with air stimulates various microorganisms, the growth of various plants and provides healthy breeding of various animals. In this paper, we present water treated with GP under oxygen-free nitrogen. It is potentially suitable for breeding anaerobic microorganisms, and increasing the crops of plants utilizing atmospheric nitrogen. Deionized water saturated with oxygen-free nitrogen was treated for 5 to 90 min with low-temperature glow plasma (GP). That operation produced nitrogen in various exited states depending on the treatment time. These excited nitrogen molecules built aqueous clathrates around them. The number and structure of those clathrates depended on the time of the treatment with GP. In terms of mass, density, pH, conductivity, surface tension, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS), Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR), Raman and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectra as well as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the macrostructure of water saturated with nitrogen treated with GP strongly depended on the treatment time. Based on the entropy criterion, the macrostructure formed on 30 and 5 min treatment was the most and least organized, respectively.