The aim of the article is to compare inequalities of the household disposable income in Poland and the UK. We analyse the Theil index for types of households in 2005 and 2014. We also aim at finding out how household types contribute to the level of overall income inequality in the UK and Poland. We calculate and decompose the Theil indices based on the equivalised disposable household income from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database. We find that "two adults below 65 with no dependent children" household group is the main contributor to the overall Theil index in both countries. We also conclude that the between-group component of the Theil index decreases in Poland and increases in the UK and, in effect, in 2014, it is twice as high in the UK as in Poland.

The prospect of a number of East European countries' accession to the EU has given rise to fears that a "trek westwards" will follow, which would place severe economic and political strains on the Western European target countries. EU politicians and some of their voters are therefore demanding transitional periods of several years. But are the expectations of massive East-West migration justified? Thomas Straubhaar* East-West Migration: Will It Be a Problem? T he closer the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) get towards EU membership, the hotter the issue of East-West migration becomes. The political discussion and the academic debate have gained both momentum and roughness. Economists and econometricians argue about the size and speed of potential East-West migration flows. There are dozens of approaches to guesstimating the East-West migration potential 1 and not surprisingly the results seem to differ according to the methods used or the assumptions made. 2 The Double Extrapolation Problem The main methodological difficulty lies in the fundamental political and institutional change that goes along with the accession to the European Union (EU). Coming in from the cold (war) into the well-established EU is doubtlessly a unique experience in the history of the CEECs. Thus, if there is a case where the famous Lucas-critique is well applied, it is in the case of the EU enlargement and its effects on East-West migration flows. 3 The methodological key questions are: how far can we (1) use experiences in the past to learn something for the future and (2) speculate about free migration in an area where there has not yet been any (legal) migration at all?

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.

ZARZĄDZANIE ZASOBAMI LUDZKIMI WOBEC DYNAMICZNYCH ZAMIAN ZACHODZĄCYCH NA RYNKU PRACY W POLSCEZ a r y s t r e ś c i . Od momentu akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej obserwuje się dynamiczne zmiany na polskim rynku pracy. Spadek stopy bezrobocia, nasilenie się niedoborów pracowników w wybranych grupach zawodowych oraz wzrost płac powodują pojawienie się nowych wyzwań dla działów personalnych przedsiębiorstw. Jednym z podstawowych problemów zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi staje się utrzymanie w fi rmie kluczowych pracowników. Istnieje potrzeba bardziej aktywnego i kreatywnego podejścia do sprawowania funkcji personalnej, przede wszystkim w obszarach: rekrutacji, motywowania i komunikowania. W celu ograniczenia ryzyka wystąpienia strat wynikających ze zwiększonej fl uktuacji kadr, pożądane wydaje się wprowadzenie i doskonalenie systemu planowania następstw. Pozyskanie nowego pracownika jest bardziej kosztowne niż utrzymanie dotychczasowego. W warunkach szybko rosnących płac i ograniczonych możliwości fi nansowych przedsiębiorstw niezbędna staje się intensyfi kacja działań w zakresie uelastyczniania systemów płacowych w celu ściślejszego ich powiązania z osiągnięciami pracowników, oraz doskonalenia pozapłacowych czynników motywowania, takich jak: jasno wytyczona ścieżka kariery i rozwoju, docenianie zaangażowania i sukcesów, zapraszanie pracownika do udziału w podejmowaniu decyzji, konkretne wyznaczanie celów i zadań, dobra atmosfera w pracy.S ł o w a k l u c z o w e : zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi, niedobory pracowników, stabilność kadr.

The aim of the study is to verify the hypothesis of a tendency towards levelling of household income in the EU countries in the years 2007—2015. Convergence process of the level and the distribution of household disposable income was analysed. The basic source of information were Eurostat’s data from EU-SILC database. The convergence analysis of income levels was carried out for the mean, median and first decile of annual equivalised household disposable incomes, weighted by country population. To examine their convergence, regression models used in economic convergence analyses were adapted and the concept of absolute ß convergence was used. In the study of income distributions convergence the income distribution in households by decile groups was used, and the degree of their discrepancy was assessed using the generalised form of the Jensen-Shannon divergence measure. The study was conducted for 27 EU countries, 15 of the old EU states and 12 new member states. On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that there was no convergence of the distributions of income by quantiles. However, the convergence of the considered characteristics of income distributions (mean, median, first decile) was observed.