La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva que afecta el 50% de las personas mayores de 85 años y es una de las más comunes en la edad adulta y la causa más frecuente de demencia en los países desarrollados. El objetivo fue determinar cuáles han sido los marcadores cognitivos, biológicos, anatómicos y conductuales del deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y la EA más estudiados en los últimos 10 años. Se buscaron estudios en las bases de datos Scopus, Pubmed y Sciencedirect. Se identificaron 187 artículos, de los que finalmente se seleccionaron 23 con texto completo. Los estudios correspondieron a marcadores cognitivos (15 estudios), biológicos (8 estudios), anatómicos (3 estudios) y conductuales (2 estudios). Los marcadores identificados permitirán orientar el diseño de programas de detección temprana y futuras intervenciones que disminuyan los efectos neuropatológicos y las alteraciones significativas en la calidad de vida.
Introduction: Neurocognitive rehabilitation have been affected by careless monitoring provided after hospitalization. Following a multidisciplinary intervention during rehab, some improvement is expected with regards complications affecting a patient's cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social and vocational circumstances. Objective: To assess the effect of a rehabilitation program neurocognitive processes attention, memory and executive function in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: This would be measure through a neurocognitive rehabilitation program demonstrated with results based on the memory function and attention span. This neurocognitive rehabilitation program is design to highlight the cognitive process that act as an object of intervention: (guidance/orientation, attention, memory, executive functions, languages, behavioral manners and affective) and it was developed through 60 individual sessions and 10 collective sessions over 5 months. Results: In the results provided by the NEUROPSI test, patients from the study group showed a better performance, and significant differences were observed in memory process, attention span (p = 0,0018) and executive function (p = 0,028). Conclusions: Given the preliminary findings from the study, we suggest that changes in cognition during a patient's attention span could be linked to the implementation of this neurocognitive program.
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