This chapter identifies significant barriers to developing effective programs and services for men and offers a framework for addressing this growing problem.

Over the last few decades, global changes (e.g. an increasingly integrated world economy, new technologies, the emergence of an international knowledge network) have increasingly determined developments in European higher education. Policymakers addressed these challenges using processes that support the practical orientation of higher education, among others the university-business cooperation. One of the key policy concerns is the extent to which higher education will be able to support graduates' early careers and to cooperate with business in general. Because employers are becoming increasingly important stakeholders and partners in the creation of higher education policy, the future developers of higher education need to know what employers expect of future development and whether they will meet or resist those expectations when it comes to their input. In this paper, we identify the areas that need to be improved and examine the ways in which employers' existing experiences in higher education determine their perceptions of it. Building on the EMCOSU (Emerging Modes of Cooperation between Private Sector Organisations and Universities) survey we analysed responses from executives of 396 companies based in five European countries. The analysis indicated that the level companies participate in university-business cooperation importantly influence their perception of the way higher education institutions should develop in the future. To be precise, companies with more experience in universitybusiness cooperation pressed for more strategic cooperation between universities and business, more support to international orientation of academic institutions, and less attention to immediate valorisation of applied research, practical orientation and short-term skill development.

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This chapter suggests important questions useful in the process of developing or refining institutional or departmental gambling policies. Ethical, political, and social considerations are discussed and then briefly synthesized into three potential policy applications.