El Pueblo Gitano es uno de los sectores de las sociedades europeas más afectados por la exclusión social y las desigualdades en salud. En este estudio cualitativo se han analizado las claves para mejorar las competencias interculturales en la atención a la población gitana desde los servicios de salud. Se han realizado 29 entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales sociales y sanitarios y 67 a pacientes de etnia gitana. En los resultados se vislumbran dos modelos contrapuestos (modelo de apertura versus modelo de bloqueo), hilvanados en torno a discursos y prácticas como la conciencia intercultural, la mirada integral, las actitudes empáticas, la humanización de la atención, la construcción de alianzas o la proactividad. Las claves para el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural, presentadas en este artículo, pueden ser de utilidad para el diseño de actuaciones formativas y de adaptación intercultural de los recursos.

Background In 2011, the European Commission adopted the European framework for the National Roma Integration Strategies (NRISs) 2020, which focussed on four areas: education, employment, health and housing. In 2012 Spain approved its Strategy 2012–20, one of the central aims of which is to reduce social inequalities in health that affect the Roma population. Our objective was to analyze changes in health inequalities between the Roma population and the general population in Spain in the years 2006 and 2014. Methods The Spanish National Health Surveys (NHSs) 2006 (n = 29 478) and 2012 (n = 20 884) and the NHS of the Spanish Roma Population 2006 (n = 933) and 2014 (n = 1155) were compared. This study considered the variables included in NRIS 2012–20: self-perceived health, tobacco use in men, traffic accidents in men and women, obesity in women and gynaecological visits. Results Despite the adoption of the NRIS 2012–20, there were no observed improvements in health between 2006 and 2014 in the Roma population. Nor was there a reduction in inequalities in health concerning the general population in Spain. Also, there was no reduction in the health inequalities by gender for the two populations. Conclusions Health is determined in part by social factors including education, employment, housing and also by anti-Roma discourses and discrimination. Improving the health of the Roma population requires a multi-sectoral approach with a gender perspective.

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The aim of this study is to analyse the impact that COVID-19 has had on the Roma population, showing results of a telephone interview on a sample of 592 Roma households in phase 0 of confinement. This study has been developed by means of an alliance in which researchers from the public universities of Alicante and Navarre and the Health Institute Carlos III have participated, as well as several Roma associations. The results reflect the significant impact that the pandemic has caused in households that were already affected by social exclusion and inequality. This impact goes beyond health and affects all dimensions of social inclusion, from employment to education, including income, meeting basic needs and discrimination.