This article proposes to rethink the interpretation and use of Schön's concept of the "reflective professional", taking into consideration its high impact and influence in
RESUMEN Este artículo pretende contribuir al uso reflexivo de los métodos mixtos, es decir, aquellos métodos que combinan en una misma investigación las miradas cuantitativas y cualitativas en vistas de la realización de la fase empírica del estudio. Luego de describir sus características generales y sus principales críticas, se presentan los elementos mínimos que consideramos deberían ser explicitados cuando se emplean los métodos mixtos, con la finalidad de asegurar una vigilancia investigativa y una coherencia epistemológica. Posteriormente, se presenta una ilustración de la operacionalización y aplicación de los métodos mixtos en el caso de una investigación en educación que aborda las dificultades profesionales emergentes en el trabajo cotidiano de los profesores de especialidades agropecuarias.
Based on an epistemological discussion, this paper aims to show the contribution of abduction as a scientific procedure in the educational field. To that end, I explain how scientific research approaches and processes are founded on the three types of logical inference: deduction, induction and abduction, all of which underpin knowledge building and the role of both science and researchers. Firstly, I describe the specific features of abduction according to Peirce’s philosophical system. Then, I illustrate its implementation in a study on teaching. Finally, I underscore how abduction could contribute to build a broader scientific project in the intercept between basic and praxeological research.
Dans cet article, nous proposons l’étude d’une zone peu explorée par la recherche, à savoir les entretiens individuels entre les enseignant-e-s et les familles, analysés comme une facette constitutive du travail enseignant. Nous étudions le cas d’une école maternelle à Fribourg, Suisse, caractérisée par la diversité culturelle des familles. À partir d’une approche qui met en contraste les prescriptions sur l’entretien, les objectifs et contenus déclarés par les enseignantes et le travail réellement effectué, nous décrirons les dynamiques organisationnelles ainsi que les savoirs mobilisés par les enseignantes durant les entretiens auprès des familles. Les résultats d’analyse issus d’une collecte de données de type ethnographique permettent la mise au jour d’une hypothèse a posteriori : la nature de ces savoirs semble composite; ils sont affirmés et relativisés dans l’action, en se présentant comme un système articulé par des savoirs centraux (moins négociables, plus fortement ancrés), des savoirs périphériques (plus négociables, moins fortement ancrés) et des savoirs transversaux (partagés par les enseignantes et les familles). L’interaction entre ces savoirs permettrait l’actualisation, la mutation et la circulation des différentes catégories repérées.At the crossroad between research on the teacher’s profession and the family-school relationship, this article proposes to study a blind spot of research: parent-teacher interviews, which we understand as a significant part of the teacher’s work. In a culturally diverse neighborhood in Fribourg, Switzerland, parent-teacher interviews were observed and recorded at the local kindergarten. By contrasting the prescriptions, objectives and contents of parent-teacher interviews–as formulated by the teachers–with their actual performance, we describe the organizational dynamics as well as the knowledge that has been used by the teachers during the family interview. An a posteriori hypothesis emerges out of the ethnographical approach and the qualitative analyses: the teachers’ knowledge is composite, claimed and put into perspective while in action. It appears as a system made of centralized knowledge (less negotiable, more deeply rooted), peripheral knowledge (more negotiable, less deeply rooted) and transversal knowledge (shared by teachers and parents). The interaction between these pieces of knowledge would allow, in our view, for these categories to be updated, transformed and circulated.Este artículo propone el estudio de una zona poco explorada por la investigación, a saber, las entrevistas individuales entre los maestros y las familias, analizados como una faceta constitutiva del trabajo docente. Estudiamos el caso de una institución preescolar en Friburgo, Suiza, caracterizada por la diversidad cultural de las familias. A partir de un enfoque que contrasta las prescripciones sobre la entrevista, los objetivos y los contenidos declarados por los maestros y el trabajo realmente efectuado, nos interesamos por la descripción de las dinámicas organizacionales y los sab...
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