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Objective: This work performs a critical review of the different causes described to explain the etiopathogenesis of hallux valgus. Methods: The authors divide the causal factors into two groups: extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In the first group, footwear and mechanical overload caused by different causes such as ballet, trauma, long walks, obesity, etc., should be considered. In the second group we include a series of factors: constitutional ones, such as heredity, sex and age; anatomical aspects, among which we must highlight the morphology and obliquity of the metatarsocuneiform joint; hypermobility of the first ray; metatarsus primus varus; muscle function; and atavism. Results: Hallux valgus probably has a multifactorial etiology whose triggering factor is unknown at the moment. Conclusion: If we know the etiopathogenesis of a deformity, in this case hallux valgus, we can perform a treatment as early and effective as possible. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Studies; Expert Opinion.

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This study proposes an update on conservative treatment of hallux rigidus based on scientific evidence. This is a narrative review of 19 articles that analyzed conservative treatment of hallux rigidus in its different modalities. Conservative treatment is effective in approximately half of the patients with hallux rigidus, and footwear modifications, use of insoles, and hyaluronic acid injections are the most effective treatments, according to evidence-based medicine. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic Studies; Systematic Review of Level III Studies.