The primary purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of affective commitment, job satisfaction, job stress, organizational politics, job role ambiguity, and job formalization on employees' job turnover in private and public sector universities of Lahore, Pakistan. A survey based explanatory research design was used. This study was conducted among the employees working in educational sectors such as universities and colleges in Lahore. About 270 questionnaires were distributed by employing various methods of communication such as email in person and post. The findings of this study indicated that job satisfaction, job stress, organizational politics, and job role ambiguity had significant effects on job turnover of employees while affective commitment and job formalization had adverse effects on the employees. Self-reported measures were used to measure employees' turnover, affective commitment, job satisfaction, job stress, organizational politics, job role ambiguity, and job formalization. Since all the participants were selected from Lahore's public and private universities and colleges, the outcomes were not connected to differences of instructional materials or educational foundations. Considering the importance of employees' turnover, affective commitment, job satisfaction, job stress, organizational politics, job role ambiguity, and job formalization, higher education institutional management and policy makers should take the necessary measures to reduce the extent of turnover which will improve the employees' individual and organizational performance. The relevant literature shows that employees' turnover is under investigation especially in public sector universities of Lahore, Pakistan. So, the current study has contributed to enhance the consideration on the most noteworthy problems.

Purpose In a modern business scenario, firms have implemented customer-centric approaches to enable customer relationship management (CRM) to trigger business excellence. Business strategies are modernizing business marketing operations that mainly focused on the retention of profitable customers. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of marketing strategies (MS), information technology support (IT-S) and knowledge sharing (KS) in the effect of CRM in the pharmaceutical sector of Punjab, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from the field force of national and international pharmaceuticals companies (N = 263) through a convenience sampling technique. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to examine data in SmartPLS 3.2.6. Findings The results indicated that IT-S and KS mediate the relationship between MS and CRM. More specifically, MS positively develops CRM through IT-S and KS. Originality/value This research contributes to the existing literature of pharmaceuticals by disclosing the field-force (medical representatives) specific role in developing CRM performance between pharmaceuticals firms and health-care physicians that are mainly based on knowledge advancement and influence these firms to adopt customer-centric business approaches to gain a competitive advantage to drive firm profitability.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and empirically test a theoretical model of antecedents and consequences of perceived job security of professional accountants. This study contributes to the literature by examining the mediating role of perceived job security between the reward management system and the ethical job performance of professional accountants.Design/methodology/approachA survey was used to collect responses from professional accountants at small- and medium-tier accounting firms in Pakistan. Of the total 313 circulated research instruments, 270 were completed producing a response rate of 86%. The hypotheses were tested by performing structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation using SPSS 24 and AMOS 25.FindingsFindings specify that the perceived job security of professional accountants partially and fully mediates the relationship between their ethical job performance and intrinsic and rewards, respectively. Additionally, reward management systems including intrinsic and extrinsic rewards have a significant impact on the ethical job performance of professional accountants.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study may have significant implications for researchers for examining the subjects' perceived job security in enhancing the overall performance of the firms. The findings may also benefit domestic and international accounting firms for recognizing the importance of rewards and job security for enhancing the ethical performance of accountants.Originality/valueThis study is the first to provide empirical evidence for the importance of perceived job security for professional accountants in Pakistan. The current research also provides sharper insights into establishing the direct impact of both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards on professional accountants' ethical job performance.

Purpose: This study develops a theoretical model that explores the effect of organizational learning on the organizational citizenship behavior of professional accountants in Pakistan. Additionally, the model also explores the mediating role of organizational innovation between this relationship. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were gathered from professional accountants at small accounting firms in Pakistan. Findings: The findings prove that organizational learning positively influences the citizenship behavior of accountants. Additionally, the findings also report the mediating role of organizational innovation between organizational learning and accountants’ organizational citizenship behavior. Implications/Originality/Value: The findings of this paper may have both practical and theoretical implications for researchers, domestic and international companies.