translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Ecological indicators were created to measure human consumption of Earth's finite resources. Since 1992, hundreds of indicators have been created at the global scale. These indicators reveal that, while there might be similarities between regions of the world, each region has its own distinctive characteristics. This article concentrates on the forty odd created for the regions of Africa. The statistical outliers from twenty plus ecological indicators were subjected to a Principal Component Analysis to reduce and create composite indicators that would better reflect the regional variability. The data reduction -or streamlining -resulted in the creation of three indicators per region (fifteen in all) that accounted for, on average, 77.6 percent of the variance in the ecological data. Out of the fifteen variables extracted, four from the original stock of indicators made it through the reduction process indicating that those particular indicators measured exactly what they were supposed to measure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.