A new method namely, denominator objective restriction method based on simplex method is proposed for solving linear fractional programming problems. Further, another method namely, decomposition-restriction method based on decomposition principle and the denominator objective restriction method is proposed for obtaining an optimal fuzzy solution to the fully fuzzy linear fractional programming problem. The procedures for the proposed methods are illustrated with the numerical examples.

The flow visualization studies around a square cylinder (upstream) and a circular cylinder arranged in tandem configuration is studied experimentally to identify the interference flow patterns. Flow visualization studies are carried out in a re-circulating water channel. The investigations are carried out for tandem arrangement varying the center-to-center distance (L) between the cylinders; L/B ratio is varied from 1 to 5 where B is the characteristic length. Experiments were conduct at a Reynolds number of 2100 (based on B). The results are also obtained for two tandem square cylinder configuration. The flow patterns observed are: Alternate Shear Layer Reattachment with and without gap flow, Simultanous shear layer reattachment and detached shear layer flow pattern. The time of persistence (in percentage) for each flow pattern is estimated over a sufficiently long period of observation time to identify the most influential, predominant flow pattern. Though these patterns are identical for square-square and square-circular tandem configurations, their order of predominance is different for both the configurations.

Background: Obesity is a major public health problem, causing a significant morbidity and mortality. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged (10-19 years) and to describe certain socio-economic, demographic characteristics related to overweight and obesity among adolescents. Material & Methods: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study conducted at the Field Practice Area of Urban Health Training Centre. A total of 900 adolescents between 10-19 years were enrolled. Parameters of height, weight and waist circumference and hip circumference were measured and recorded. Following the completion of the questionnaire, the results were compared against the body mass index (BMI). Questions from the GSHS (Global School- based student health survey) Questionnaire were also applied. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.7% and 5.8% among adolescents aged (10-19 years). It was found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was more in boys compared to girls. The present study found a positive association of overweight and obesity with age, SES. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity were high among boys and need to be addressed by primary and secondary methods of prevention.