Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odour of the human body. The age that females begin wearing makeup gets younger and younger with every new generation. A descriptive study design was used to find out knowledge regarding adverse effects of selected cosmetic products among higher secondary level girl students. A total 70 female students of Maiya Devi Girls' College, Bharatpur-10, Chitwan, 34 students of grade 11 and 36 students of grade 12 were selected by using probability simple random sampling lottery method. The result revealed that out of 70 respondents, 30% were of age 17 years, 51.4% were studying in grade 12. 34.3% respondents' had experienced adverse effects from using cosmetic products, 50% had experienced acne, almost all respondent's 98.6% got information of cosmetic products from television. Majority 82.9% of the respondents answered that cosmetic products are the substance use to enhance the appearance of body. Cent percent respondents' had knowledge that lipstick cause lip cancer, 88.6% had knowledge that kajal cause dry eye syndrome, 97.1% had knowledge that skin lightening cream and sunscreen cause skin cancer and perfumes cause skin irritation, 87.1% had knowledge that mascara cause eye irritation, and 98.6% had knowledge that nail polish cause cancer and reading expiry and manufacture date can prevent the occurrence of adverse effects. Majority 72.9% of respondents had average level of knowledge, 17.1% had low level of knowledge and 10.0% had high level of knowledge. Statistically there was significant association between level of knowledge of the respondents' regarding adverse effects of selected cosmetic products and grade of respondents (p = 0.044).

There is no doubt that the cell phone is a very useful today, cell phones are a major part of society. It eases communication with colleagues, friends and relatives. But every technology that provides such benefits comes with consequences. The effect of cell phones on youth and society is excessive. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to identify the knowledge regarding harmful effects on cell phone use among higher secondary school students. The study population consisted of 70 higher secondary school students of Saptagandaki Multiple College, Bharatpur10, Chitwan. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the college and faculty .Whereas, out of 145 students, 70 students were selected respectively by using simple random sampling technique from the lottery method. Data was analyzed by using SPSS and various tests frequency, mean, median, percentage and standard deviation and the findings were presented in tables. Chi-square test as inferential statistics was used to analyze the associations between the independent and dependent variables. The study findings revealed that out of the 70 respondents, 24 (34.3%) respondents were in the age of 17 years and 3 (4.3%) respondents were in age of 15 years. The mean age was 17.31 with standard deviation of 1.04. Similarly regarding the sex 45 (64.3%) were male and 25 (35.7%) were female. Respondents' have good level of knowledge regarding harmful effects of cell phone as it causes addiction on cell phone 90.0% but have average level of knowledge as it causes headache 78.6%, gradual loss of hearing 77.1%, eye strain 70.0%, dizziness 71.4%, skin allergy 71.45%, risk for breast cancer 75.7% and have poor level of knowledge as it causes dry eye 47.1%, warmness around ear 35.7%, decrease fertility rate 22.9%, tiredness if used after lights out. Out of 70 respondents, 53 (75.7%) of respondents answered risk for breast cancer is the harmful effects of cell phone if kept on chest region, and 20 (28.6%) answered chest injury. The level of knowledge regarding harmful effects on cell phone use is statistically not-significant with age (p=0.141), sex (p=0.943), faculty (p=0.632), grade (p=0.490) and previous experience (p=0.311).The study concluded that the some educational intervention need to lunch by institution in order to enhance the awareness among higher secondary school students.

Background. Pregnancy and postpartum are considered as high risk periods for the emergence of psychiatric disorder. Although postpartum depressive symptoms have been associated with tragic outcome, such as maternal suicide and infanticide, it is a neglected area of mental health care in developing countries. This study was conducted to find the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms. Method. A community-based cross-sectional research design was carried out after selecting the three wards of Bharatpur submetropolitan by nonprobability purposive sampling method. A total of 160 mothers in their 1 month to 12 months of postpartum period were interviewed through semistructured interview schedule and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Collected data were entered in Epi, data 3.1, and was exported into IBM SPSS 20 version. Results. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among postpartum mothers was 27.5%. The multivariate analysis identified two factors significantly associated with postpartum depression including respondents who had education level of ≤10 class (odds ratio AOR=3.25, P=0.03, confidence interval CI=1.10−9.58), chronic disease in their family (odds ratio AOR=3.25, P=0.01, confidence interval CI=1.19−8.16). Conclusion. More than one out of four mothers is suffering from depressive symptoms. The major factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms are education of respondents and chronic disease in the family. Screening and timely management of depressive symptoms should be incorporated in routine maternal care so as to enhance maternal and child health. Likewise, concerned authority should plan and organize awareness-raising programs and provide attractive package to attract the female population for higher education.

Background: Nursing professionals are vulnerable to conflict due to nature of work, working environment and diversity of interaction. If conflict management is done properly adopting the effective conflict management style, it would enhance the job morale and promote the effective growth of any health institution. Hence, this study was aimed to find out the conflict management styles among nurses at a Teaching Hospital, Chitwan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to identify the most preferred conflict management style among 50 nurses at a Teaching Hospital of Chitwan using non-probability convenience sampling method. The data was collected from 6th Dec 2020 till 19th Dec 2020 through self-administered questionnaire and standardized tool of Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II. The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results: Among 50 respondents, the median age was 23.0 years. Regarding conflict management, among the five conflict management, collaborating style (4.17±0.38) was the most preferred one followed in rank order by compromising style (3.70±0.52), accommodating style (3.55±0.38), avoiding style (3.27±0.59) and competing style (3.06±0.77). Conclusions: The findings concluded that collaborating and competing style was the most and the least preferred conflict management style respectively while handling conflict among peers during clinical hours. Thus, it is important that nurse managers and hospital authority would pay attention towards promotion of effective conflict management style for nursing professionals through training and in-service education sessions.

Background: Awareness towards the maternal condition has great potential to reduce occur­rence of life threatening maternal and child illness. Hence, this study aimed to find out the awareness and attitude regarding obstetric fistula among married women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to find out the awareness and attitude re­garding obstetric fistula among 206 married women. Data were collected by using semi structured interview schedule and Likert Scale. Analysis was done by using descriptive statistics. Results: The age range of the respondents was 15-79 years. Among literate 163, 34.4% attended general education, 75% were married at the age of 15-19 years, 50% had their first baby at the age of 15-19 years, 65.0 % had 1-3 babies, 66.0% had home delivery and postnatal visit was 9.5%. In this study 0.9% respondents were found with obstetric fistula and 60.2% had low level of aware­ness. Regarding the level of attitude, 50.0% had positive attitude. Conclusions: The finding concluded that there is low level of awareness and fifty percentages had negative attitude regarding obstetric fistula among married women so there is need of intervn­tional awareness program in community.