‘Verbal overshadowing’, the phenomenon whereby the verbal reporting of a visual memory of a face interferes with subsequent recognition of that face, arises for the presentation of multiple faces following a single face description (Brown and Lloyd‐Jones, 2002). We examine the influence of description instructions on verbal overshadowing using the new multiple presentation paradigm. Participants were exposed to 12 to‐be‐remembered faces and then described (or not, in the control condition) another face. Half the participants received ‘piecemeal’ description instructions, encouraging veridical recall of particular features of the face, and half received ‘elaborative’ instructions which did not explicitly focus on particular facial features, and encouraged erroneous recall of the face. Subsequently, participants discriminated the original 12 faces from 12 distracters in a ‘yes/no’ recognition decision. Verbal overshadowing was evident for piecemeal, but not elaborative recall instructions. We interpret these findings within a ‘transfer‐inappropriate retrieval’ framework (Schooler et al., 1997). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Classification of calorimetric titration plots for alkyltrimethylammonium and alkylpyridinium cationic surfactants in aqueous solutions Bijma, K; Engberts, Jan; Blandamer, M.J; Cullis, P.M.; Last, P.M.; Irlam, K.D.; Soldi, L.G. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Calorimetric titration plots for deaggregation of micelles formed by alkylpyridinium and alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants are classiÐed into three types, A, B and C, depending on the shape of the plot of the enthalpy of dilution as a function of surfactant concentration. For Type A plots the recorded heat of injection q changes sharply between two parts of the titration curve over which the recorded heats are e †ectively independent of the composition of the solution in the sample cell. For Type B plots, the change is less sharp and both parts of the plot show dependences of heat q on solution composition, a pattern accounted for in terms of soluteÈsolute interactions. Type C plots are complicated, in that no sharp change in q is recorded, the complexity of the plots being accounted for in terms of micelleÈmonomer equilibria over a range of surfactant concentrations and related enthalpies of deaggregation.

The possible formation of polymer-micelle complexes of the water-soluble nonionic polymers polyethylene oxide) (PEO), polypropylene oxide) (PPO), polyCZV-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(vinyl acetate) copolymer (PVA-PVAc, 17% acetate content), and (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) with n-octyl thioglucoside (OTG), n-octyltriethylene glycol ether (C8E3), and several zwitterionic surfactants has been investigated. The finding that the critical micelle concentration of these surfactants is not influenced by the presence of polymer does not exclude polymer-micelle complexation since PPO-OTG interactions have been definitely established by using microcalorimetry. PPO-OTG complexation is further supported by the change in turbidity of the PPO solution at the cmc of OTG, the perturbed clouding behavior of PPO, and the reduced Krafft temperature of OTG.

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The lyotropic phase behavior of (technical grade) dodecylbenzenesulfonates (DoBS) is strongly influenced by the type of counterion and the relative amount of water. Phase diagrams are composed for the following systems:  HDoBS/water, NaDoBS/water, (HDoBS + NaDoBS 1:1)/water, LiDoBS/water, KDoBS/water, CsDoBS/water, Ca(DoBS)2/water, NaDoBS/water/NaCl, and NaDoBS/water/CsCl. The phases were characterized by light microscopy, freeze-fracture electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and macroscopic appearance. The phase diagrams all contain large areas of lamellar phases. The appearance of the lamellar phases differs along this series, in particular regarding swelling behavior, either with or without a micellar phase next to the lamellar phase, and formation of large, rather irregular lamellar units versus smaller, perfectly spherical lamellar topologies (so-called lamellar droplets). LiDoBS shows, in addition, a hexagonal phase between 25 and 50 wt %. Explanations for the occurrence of the different phases are given in molecular terms and in terms of interactions between bilayers and between aggregates.