Resumé Intégration de la production agricole par de grandes firmes, concentration de l’industrie alimentaire, puissance accrue de la grande distribution… Un système agro-industriel s’étend sur toute la planète.
Purpose – This paper aims to analyse the potential contribution of cluster-generated resources to the competitive advantage of firms located in it and proposes a typology for wine cluster resources. The basic premise is that the process of competitive advantage creation and sustaining by clustered firms cannot be adequately analyzed in isolation from their local or regional agglomeration effects. Design/methodology/approach – Potentially strategic cluster resources were identified from the extant cluster literature, adapted to the specificities of the wine industry through in-depth interviews with experts, and finally classified in five categories. The resulting typology was then tested with institutional actors of the Serra Gaúcha (Brazil) wine cluster. Findings – Besides proposing a typology of cluster resources, the paper provides a means for resource value assessment through the mediating role of a value creation system. Research limitations/implications – Since validation testing of the typology was limited to one cluster, empirical validation in different wine clusters/regions is necessary for assessing its inter-cluster robustness. Additionally, the firm-level process of value creation and the role played therein by cluster resources require further theoretical refinement. An important research implication of the paper, however, is that it sets the conceptual basis for the development of various types of cluster-level performance indicators, such as collective efficiency, effectiveness and resilience. Practical implications – The proposed typology allows for the mapping, from different stakeholders' perspective, of a cluster's resources profile, a diagnostic tool for cluster strategic analysis, benchmarking and upgrading efforts. Originality/value – The paper contributes to recent efforts towards the use of the resource-based perspective at the cluster level, seeking to link cluster resources to firm value creation.
Cet article, élaboré dans le cadre du programme de recherche européen « Inno-valoc », étudie les liens entre le développement local (mesuré par des variables économiques et macroéconomiques) et les processus d’innovation dans les PME et TPE agroalimentaires. En matière d’innovation, beaucoup de travaux ont montré le rôle déterminant de la complémentarité entre les compétences internes des entreprises et les dispositifs de coordination mis en œuvre au plan local. Notre contribution est centrée sur les déterminants de l’innovation avec une attention particulière portée aux déterminants exogènes et à leur caractère local ou non. Dans un premier temps, on fixe le cadre d’analyse à partir d’une représentation du processus d’apprentissage. Nous analysons ensuite les spécificités de la petite entreprise et de l’agroalimentaire dans ce processus, puis sa dimension spatiale. Les résultats de l’enquête, menée auprès de 60 entreprises du Languedoc-Roussillon, révèlent une différence significative entre les déterminants selon le type d’innovation (produit, procédés, organisation). Dans le cas de l’innovation produit, ce sont essentiellement des facteurs internes à l’entreprise qui apparaissent. La dimension locale est présente seulement dans l’innovation organisationnelle à travers l’insertion locale du dirigeant et l’environnement institutionnel.This European project, « Innovaloc », aims to examine the links between local development (measured by economic and macroeconomic variables) and innova-tive processes in agro-food small and medium-size. About firms innovation, many studies have proved the complementarity between the firms inner abilities and the coordination mechanisms implemented at a local level is playing a determining part. Our contribution is particularly focused on the exogenous determinants of innovation, and on their local nature or not. First of all, we present a review of learning process. Than we analyze the specificities of SMEs in an agro-food system. The spatial dimension is also examined. The results of the survey concerning 60 SMEs in Languedoc-Roussillon (France) show a difference between determinants of different types of innovation (product, process and organization). Concerning product innovation, the most determining factors are in the firm itself. The local dimension appears only in an organizational innovation through managers local embeddedness and institutional environment.Este artículo elaborado dentro del programa de investigación europeo « Innovaloc », estudia los vínculos entre el desarrollo local (medido por variables económicas y macroeconómicas), y los procesos de innovación dentro de las pequeñas y medianas empresas y de las muy pequeñas empresas alimentarias. En lo que respecta a la innovación, diversos estudios han mostrado el rol determinante de la complementaridad entre las competencias internas de las empresas y los dispo-sitivos de coordinación puestos en marcha a nivel local. Nuestra contribución esta centrada alrededor de los determinantes de la innovación y más precisamente ...
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