This article considers three languages—Coptic, Latin, and Pehlevi—all of which were widely spoken and written in Egypt in the fourth to seventh centuries, analyzing their use and interaction with Greek, which remained the official language and is by far the most abundantly documented. Each of these languages poses in a distinctive way the problem of multilingualism or of multiliteracy and presents a nuanced picture, ranging from a nearly total and deliberate absence of bilingualism to a deep bilingualism (where the relationship between the languages tends to reverse itself), passing by way of diglossia.

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International audienceThis paper presents a new fragment of the astronomical papyrus P. Fouad inv. 267A, published by Jean-Luc Fournet and Anne Tihon, Conformément aux observations d'Hipparque: le Papyrus Fouad inv. 267A. Annex by Raymond Mercier (Publications de l'Institut Orientaliste de Louvain 67, 2014). This fragment preserved in Florence, PSI inv. 2006, appears to be a small piece of P. Fouad, and the astronomical contents on the verso fit exactly with the data of P. Fouad 267A