In a randomized comparison of nevirapine or abacavir with zidovudine plus lamivudine, routine viral load monitoring was not performed, yet 27% of individuals with viral failure at week 48 experienced resuppression by week 96 without switching. This supports World Health Organization recommendations that suspected viral failure should trigger adherence counseling and repeat measurement before a treatment switch is considered.

orally administered small molecule for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). ABX464 interacts with the cap binding complex, allowing specific splicing of anti-inflammatory miR-124 (microRNA-124), leading to a cascade dextran sulfate sodium of modulating proinflammatory cytokines. 1 Additionally, ABX464 demonstrated a dual mechanism of action in HIV-generating miR-124 and splicing viral RNA-warranting further exploration in inflammatory bowel disease. 2 Preclinically, ABX464 attenuated dextran sulfate sodiuminduced colitis in mice and produced long-term protection and decreased miR-124 levels after stopping treatment. This phase IIa study evaluated safety and efficacy of ABX464 in in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. MethodsThis randomized study included an 8-week, placebocontrolled, double-blind induction phase followed by an openlabel long-term extension phase. The study enrolled adults aged 75 years with moderate-to-severe active UC. Patients who completed the induction phase-regardless of response-and were willing to continue into a long-term extension phase were eligible to continue. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.com (registration numbers NCT03093259 and NCT03368118).In the induction phase, patients were randomized 2:1 to oral 50 mg ABX464 and placebo once daily for 8 weeks. In the long-term extension phase all patients received ABX464 50 mg once daily.The primary endpoint in the induction phase was safety, assessed as the rate of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs). Efficacy endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving clinical remission at week 8 vs placebo, change from baseline (CFB) to week 8 in Mayo Clinic score (MCS) and partial MCS (pMCS), rates of endoscopic remission and improvement, CFB to week 8 in (histopathologic) Geboes score, change in fecal calprotectin, and miR-124 expression. For the long-term extension phase, the primary endpoint was long-term safety of ABX464. Additional efficacy endpoints included clinical and endoscopic rates of response and remission (Supplementary Methods). ResultsOverall, 32 patients were enrolled in the induction phase (ABX464, 23; placebo, 9). Of the 29 patients who completed the induction phase (ABX464, 20; placebo, 9), 22 continued into the long-term extension. The induction population was 62.5% men with a mean ± standard deviation age of 43.3 ± 16.2 years (Supplementary Table 1); 78.3% of patients

Zidovudine/lamivudine/tenofovir has good virological efficacy in advanced HIV disease. In this population, who were infected with HIV-1 subtypes A, C or D, M184V with or without NAMs was the most common route to resistance, whereas K65R was identified less often.

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Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) with the diethylenetriaminopentaacetic-acid-conjugated somatostatin analogue [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1] octreotide, also known as 111In-pentetreotide, is a new non-invasive modality for the evaluation of tumours that express receptors for somatostatin. These receptors are present on neuroendocrine and other tumours, including lymphomas and some breast cancers. In oncology SRS is a promising diagnostic tool for localizing primary tumours, staging, control and follow-up after therapy, and for identification of patients who may benefit from therapy with unlabelled octreotide or, in the future, with radiolabelled octreotide. In the past few years many small and large studies investigating various aspects of SRS have been reported. In this review the value of SRS in the management of individual tumour types is explored. For many tumours the best sensitivity in lesion detection is only achieved by very careful imaging after the administration of at least 200 MBq 111In-pentetreotide. On the basis of the current experience the main value of SRS in oncology is in the staging and evaluation of gastroenteropancreatic tumours, paragangliomas, small-cell lung cancer and lymphomas. Promising areas for SRS are the evaluation of breast cancer, non-medullary thyroid cancer and melanoma, and initial results with targeted radionuclide therapy using radiolabelled octreotide have been reported.