Fusarium wilt of oil palm is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis (Foe) and is particularly prevalent in Africa. This work shows prospect in the industrial and village oil palm plantations in the Southern region of Ivory Coast, used to assess the incidence and distribution of this disease. The method used entailed taking an inventory of all the plants in a given plot, noting the presence or absence of symptoms of the disease and then calculating the incidence in each locality. The results showed that this is the first time Fusarium is identified in some plantations in the Southwest of Côte d'Ivoire such as plantations of Sassandra and Grand Bereby. But Fusarium wilt of oil palm was not observed in Iboké Region. The disease is still present in other localities (Divo, Dabou, Anguédédou, La Mé, Eloka and Ehania). The incidence of fusarium is higher in Sassandra (5.13%) than in other areas. These results should be taken into account in future palm plant replanting projects in South-west Ivory Coast, where fusarium has emerged.

; Tel + (225) 44035191/77363309 REMERCIEMENTS Nous tenons a exprimé nos sincères remerciements à l'AIPH (Association Interprofessionnelle de la filière Palmier à Huile en Côte d'Ivoire) et au FIRCA (Fond Interprofessionnel pour la Recherche et le Conseil Agricoles), deux structures qui ont financièrement soutenu le projet. RESUMEEn Afrique, la culture du palmier à huile est menacée par la fusariose causée par Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis (F.o.e). Chez cette plante, l'activité antifongique des phytoalexines a été démontrée dans la lutte contre ce champignon au cours des premières semaines après inoculation. L'objectif de cette étude est de sélectionner des clones de palmier à huile résistants à F.o.e. sur la base de leur synthèse phénolique. Pour ce faire, les racines blessées des plantules ont été inoculées par F.o.e et les non inoculés ont servi de témoin. Les racines ont été prélevées à différents temps. Les extraits racinaires des plantules ont été dosés par le réactif Folin Ciocalteu pour quantifier les phénols totaux des plants inoculés (IT) et non inoculés (NI). Les résultats ont montré que les clones résistants ont réagi à l'infection dès le premier jour après inoculation. Par contre, les clones sensibles ont réagi le cinquième jour. Au huitième jour, la quantité de phénols baisse considérablement chez les clones sensibles et augmente ou se stabilise chez les clones résistants. Ce résultat pourrait servir pour la sélection des clones résistants à F.o.e avant la mise au point des marqueurs phénoliques de tolérance du palmier à huile à ce pathogène. © 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Clone, sensible, résistant, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis, Palmier à huile, phénols. Phenolic reaction of four clones of oil palm inoculated by fusarium oxysporumf. sp. elaeidis D. B. F. GOGBE et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(2): 486-496, 2016 487 ABSTRACTIn Africa, the cultivation of oil palm is threatened by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis which is responsible of the fusarium. The antifungal activity of phytoalexins was demonstrated in the fight against this fungus in the first weeks after inoculation of the oil palm plant. However, the phenolic behavior of sensitive and tolerant clones over time remains unclear. The objective of this study is to select resistant oil palm clones F.o.e. on the basis of their phenolic synthesis. In order to achieve this aim, the roots of the oil palm plants were injured and inoculated with F.o.e. The uninoculated oil palm plants were used as the control. The roots were collected at different times. The root extracts of the oil palm plants were measured using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent in order to quantify the total phenols present in both the inoculated (IT) and the non-inoculated (NI) plants. The results showed that the tolerant clones reacted to infection from the first day after inoculation. On the other hand, the sensitive clones reacted the fifth day. On the eighth day, the amount of phenols was found to be significantly lower in the ...

In Côte d’Ivoire, Deli populations, descendants of four oil palms, constituted Group A of the recurrent reciprocal selection. Their genetic base was narrow, an obstacle to long-term genetic progress. Therefore, Angolan oil palm accessions were acquired to broaden Group A’s genetic base. Angola selfed and Deli × Angola progenies were tested via Angola selfed × La Mé and (Deli × Angola) × La Mé intergroup hybrids for bunch and oil production, height growth, and tolerance to Fusarium in two progeny trials; one in La Mé (Côte d’Ivoire) and the other one in Bangun Bandar (Indonesia). On average, bunch yield (183 kg/palm/year) and oil yield (5.34 t/ha) were close to those of the control. The best 5 hybrids represented 104-112% of the control all traits put together. In addition, Angolan origin has transmitted tolerance to Fusarium to its progenies (Fusarium index = 80-90). [(Deli × Angola)’s LM 5448 T] × La Mé hybrids yielded 241.4 kg/palm/year of bunch and 7.30 t/ha of palm oil. Their mean height was comparable to that of the control and the Fusarium index low (82). Therefore, LM 5448 T was selected for further crop improvements. The modalities of its use were proposed.

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Introgression of Angola Novo-Redondo origin into the Deli origin was achieved for the first time in Côte d’Ivoire. Unfortunately, the genetic variability of (Deli × Angola Novo-Redondo) genitors selected was a challenge facing seed production. The best (Deli × Angola Novo-Redondo) genitor LM 5448 T was selfed expecting more stable genotypes for improved oil palm productivity. (Deli × Angola Novo-Redondo) selfed × La Mé progenies were planted at Ehania in Côte d’Ivoire. At maturity, they presented 8% rise over the controls’ mean (155.72 kg palm-1 yr-1) for total bunch weight (TBW). ANOVA revealed difference between (Deli × Angola Novo-Redondo) selfed genitors for bunch production, vertical growth rate, and bunch characteristics. DMRT showed that progenies overlapped each other indicating their genetic resemblance, a feature supported by the low CV values (3-8%) of all the parameters measured. Progenies LM 22723, LM 22835, and LM 23169 whose increase over controls’ means for TBW and bunch number were 11% and 12%, respectively, and whose mean Fusarium index was 56 should be selected for commercial seed production. Estimated breeding values of LM 15516 D and LM 15311T, Group A parents of the 3 progenies would help predicting planting materials’ performances.