Introduction: Hysterosalpingography is an important tool in the investigation of the causes of female infertility. In developing countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, the HSG is the basic tool for performing first-line anatomical (pelvic) assessment. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of the different lesions observed in hysterosalpingography carried out during the assessment of infertile women monitored in Kisangani. The study set also out to look for differences in these lesions according to the type of infertility. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kisangani from June 2016 to December 2018. The 130 cases of hysterosalpingography performed for female infertility assessment during the study period were included, of which 33.07% for primary infertility and 66.93% for secondary infertility. Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.52 ± 6.01 years; the history of pelvic inflammatory disease was noted with a predominance for secondary infertility (11% vs. 4.65%). Using hysterosalpingography, 7 (5.38%) patients had a normal result; 94 (72.31%) had tubal obstruction; 25 (19.23%) had hydrosalpinx; 11 (8.46%) had uterine fibroids; pelvic adhesions were suspected in 12.64% of cases. There was no obvious association between all these lesions and the type of infertility. Conclusion: We found that tubal obstructions were the most prevalent lesions in this study, regardless of the type of infertility. These lesions would reflect the high prevalence of septic abortions and sexually transmitted infections in developing countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo.