Monoculture farming of arabica coffee plantation does not support environmental sustainability. International market demands arabica coffee product in compliance with an environmentally friendly standard which promotes ecological-based management. This study aims to identify the ecological aspects of specialty arabica coffee cultivation, and to analyze the effect of shade tree population, the use of organic fertilizer, the pruning of coffee crop, land conservation, and the control of coffee berry borer on specialty arabica coffee production. The data of ecological aspect was collected from three regencies in North Sumatera Province, namely Simalungun, North Tapanuli, and Dairi. Production determinant was analyzed concerning farming cultivation in three districts of Simalungun Regency namely Sidamanik, Pamatang Sidamanik, and Dolok Pardamean. The location was determined with multi-stage cluster sampling and the farmer samples with simple random sampling. The ecological aspect was analyzed descriptively while the determinant of arabica coffee production was analyzed with multiple regression method. The result shows that the shaded arabica coffee farming covers only 32% of the total arabica coffee production in the study area with a population of 54 trees/ha. Land conservation conducted by the farmers utilizes coffee fruit mulch (92%), individual terrace (3%), rorak (4%), and bench terrace (1%). The arabica coffee farming system managed by the farmers consists of monoculture (30%), mix farming (24%), shade coffee (32%), and multistrata coffee (14%). The pruning of coffee plants and integrated control of coffee berry borer has a significant effect on specialty arabica coffee production. Land conservation, population of shade tree, and organic fertilizer are an important production determinant on arabica coffee production in the short-term. These three ecological variables play a role to maintain land preservation and support sustainable arabica coffee production in the long-term.

Sektor Pertanian merupakan sektor dengan kontribusi terbesar dalam Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Simalungun.  Namun pengembangan komoditas di sektor pertanian dinilai belum sepenuhnya berbasis pada komoditas basis dan tingkat pertumbuhannya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis komoditas unggulan dan komoditas potensial sektor pertanian dalam arti luas.  Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Simalungun, pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2019.  Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data produksi masing-masing komoditas pertanian tahun 2008-2017 diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Simalungun, Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Simalungun, dan Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Utara.  Data produksi dianalisis dengan Location Quotient (LQ) dan tipologi Klassen.  Pangsa Sektor Pertanian dalam PDRB Kabupaten Simalungun tahun 2008-2017 adalah rata-rata sebesar 49,53%.  Berdasarkan hasil analisis data produksi, dalam kurun waktu 2008-2017, komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Simalungun (kombinasi nilai LQ>1, tumbuh cepat)  adalah ubi jalar (tanaman pangan); kentang, kubis, buncis, bayam, mangga, dan pisang (hortikultura); kelapa sawit, kopi arabika, kakao, dan cengkeh (perkebunan rakyat); kerbau (peternakan); dan kegiatan perikanan budidaya.   Sementara komoditas potensial (nilai LQ>1, tumbuh lambat) adalah padi ladang, jagung, dan ubi kayu (tanaman pangan); bawang merah (hortikultura); kopi robusta, pinang, aren, dan vanili (perkebunan rakyat);  sapi, babi, dan ayam kampung (peternakan).  Komoditas basis namun relatif tertinggal adalah kacang tanah.  Sementara, komoditas nonbasis namun tergolong berkembang cepat adalah nangka, manggis, sawo, durian, pepaya, nenas, petsai, terung, cabai, tomat, karet, wortel, kacang panjang, dan kayu manis.

Program-program pengembangan agribisnis di wilayah pedesaan masih menyisakan permasalahan mendasar yanitu harga sarana produksi pertanian terus meningkat, sementara harga produk pertanian primer sangat fluktuatif. Kondisi ini terjadi karena posisi tawar petani yang masih lemah di antara pelaku agribisnis lainnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur kelayakan usahatani dan menemukan strategi pengembangan agribisnis hortikultura di Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara. Dengan 40 rumah tangga sampel, kelayakan usahatani diukur dengan Revenue Cost Ratio (RCR) dan strategi pengembangan ditentukan melalui Analisis SWOT. Urutan kelayakan komoditas adalah kentang, cabai merah, kubis, tomat, dan jeruk manis. Hasil analisis SWOT untuk pengembangan agribisnis hortikultura mengutamakan strategi W-O yaitu mengubah strategi melalui: kemitraan pemasaran, pengembangan sumber air di usahatani, peningkatan kualitas jalan desa dan jalan usahatani, pengembangan kios sarana produksi di perdesaan, peningkatan penyuluhan pertanian, penataan zonasi dan pola tanam komoditas unggulan, pengembangan agroindustri skala rumah tangga dan skala kecil di perdesaan, serta pengembangan fasilitas kebun bibit dan lahan demplot   Agribusiness development programs in rural areas still leave fundamental problems, which is the price of means of agricultural production continues to increase, while the price of primary agricultural products is very fluctuating. This condition occurs because of the bargaining position of farmers who are still weak among other agribusiness actors. The study aimed to measure the feasibility of farming and find a strategy for developing horticultural agribusiness in Simalungun District, North Sumatra. With 40 sample households, the feasibility of farming was measured by Revenue Cost Ratio (RCR) and the development strategy was determined through SWOT Analysis. The orders of feasibility of commodities were potatoes, red chili, cabbage, tomatoes, and sweet oranges. The results of the SWOT analysis for the development of horticultural agribusiness prioritized the WO strategy which was changing strategies through: marketing partnerships, water source development in farming, improving the quality of village and farming roads, developing kiosks for production facilities in rural areas, increasing agricultural counseling, zoning arrangements and leading commodity cropping patterns, development of household and small-scale agro-industry in rural areas, as well as the development of nursery and the demonstration of plot facilities.

<p class="ISI-Paragraf">Primary processing is the most important aspect in enhancing the added value at farm business level, but some farmers have not done yet. This study aims to analyze the income of arabica coffee farm business, the difference in farmers’ income that sells coffee in parchment and cherry red, and  the added value of selling in parchment. Data were analyzed with Revenue Cost Ratio (RCR), Independent Sample t Test, and added value analysis method of Hayami et al. (1987). The results showed that arabica coffee farming with parchment had a higher RCR and was significantly different from cherry red, and which sold both parchment and cherry red. Income of farmers who sell parchment is differs significantly from who sell cherry red and those who sell both parchment and cherry red.  The added value of primary processing is 30%, while the income of family labor from the primary processing is 69%.</p>

ABSTRAKProgram-program pengembangan agribisnis di wilayah pedesaan masih menyisakan permasalahan mendasar yanitu harga sarana produksi pertanian terus meningkat, sementara harga produk pertanian primer sangat fluktuatif. Kondisi ini terjadi karena posisi tawar petani yang masih lemah di antara pelaku agribisnis lainnya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur kelayakan usahatani dan menemukan strategi pengembangan agribisnis hortikultura di Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara. Dengan 40 rumah tangga sampel, kelayakan usahatani diukur dengan Revenue Cost Ratio (RCR) dan strategi pengembangan ditentukan melalui Analisis SWOT. Urutan kelayakan komoditas adalah kentang, cabai merah, kubis, tomat, dan jeruk manis. Hasil analisis SWOT untuk pengembangan agribisnis hortikultura mengutamakan strategi W-O yaitu mengubah strategi melalui: kemitraan pemasaran, pengembangan sumber air di usahatani, peningkatan kualitas jalan desa dan jalan usahatani, pengembangan kios sarana produksi di perdesaan, peningkatan penyuluhan pertanian, penataan zonasi dan pola tanam komoditas unggulan, pengembangan agroindustri skala rumah tangga dan skala kecil di perdesaan, serta pengembangan fasilitas kebun bibit dan lahan demplot.