RESUMO: O feijão é um dos mais importantes grãos para a alimentação humana, sendo o melhoramento genético de extrema importância nesse contexto, principalmente no Brasil onde é praticado apenas em estatais e universidades. Neste contexto, esta revisão tem por objetivo abranger os principais métodos utilizados no melhoramento do feijoeiro, bem como os principais alvos dos programas. A diversidade genética da cultura é possibilitada pelo melhoramento arte, praticado por agricultores para a propagação das espécies, mas esse é lento e apresenta pouco ganho genético. Sendo necessário o emprego de métodos mais eficientes como o massal, o método genealógico, o SSD (descendente de uma única semente) e seleção recorrente, e para alguns objetivos específicos se empregam métodos mais eficientes como no caso da seleção para fixação biológica de nitrogênio onde emprega-se o LDF (linhas derivadas). Os esforços do melhoramento no país estão ligados com os avanços tecnológicos no campo, a agricultura sustentável e alimentos de elevado valor nutricional. Desta forma, trabalha-se para a colheita mecanizada, resistência a pragas, doenças e a tolerância a seca, bem como no aumento da produtividade e da qualidade nutricional dos grãos e melhoria no cozimento, ressaltando também o uso da biotecnologia. Desta forma, são alcançados resultados satisfatórios para todas as características melhoradas.

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-There is little information about the selectivity of herbicides in physic nut (Jatropha curcas) in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the selectivity of different doses and mixtures of paraquat and diuron in direted-spray applications in physic nut plants in greenhouse conditions. The study used a randomized block design, with five replicates. The treatments were: paraquat (200 and 600 g ha -1 ), diuron (1,000 and 2,000 g ha -1 ), paraquat + diuron (200 + 1,000 g ha -1 ), paraquat + diuron (200 + 2,000 g ha -1 ), paraquat + diuron (600 + 1,000 g ha -1 ), paraquat + diuron (600 + 2,000 g ha -1 ) and a control (no application). Directedspray application was performed at 70 days after sowing by the lower third of the plants. The treatments of diuron and paraquat + diuron mixtures affected the growth and photosynthetic activity of physic nut plants, injuries being more pronounced at doses of diuron of 2,000 g ha -1 , while the isolated application of paraquat at doses of 200 and 600 g ha -1 showed good selectivity potential for physic nut plants.Keywords: Jatropha curcas, weed, chemical control, gas exchange. Palavras-chave: Jatropha curcas, planta daninha, controle químico, trocas gasosas. RESUMO -Existem poucas informações sobre herbicidas seletivos para a cultura do pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) no Brasil. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a seletividade de diferentes doses e misturas de paraquat e diuron em aplicações dirigidas nas plantas de pinhão-

The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbon content of the physical, chemical and oxidizable fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) and to calculate the carbon management index (CMI) in an area managed under an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) in the western region of Paraná - Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm, belonging to the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Seventeen areas, which are managed in different ways, fifteen in ICLS and two areas of controls (Forest and Haymaking), using the design divided with two nested controls, with three replications were evaluated. Deformed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from all the areas to determine the total organic carbon (TOC), carbon stock, the physical, chemical and oxidizable fractions of SOM and the CMI in the layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m. Little significant changes in the fractions were found for the management of the ICLS area in relation to the Forest and the area of Haymaking, although the Forest presented the best values for most of the studied fractions. It is recommended to adopt sustainable practices, such as ICLS, even though the average fractions tend to take time to match reference areas.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the structural characteristics of black oats, forage production and remaining dry matter, conducted in a crop-livestock integration system. The treatments consisted of two black oat sowing densities (40 and 60 kg ha-1 of seeds) and crop management: no grazing, one grazing and two grazing. Plant height, number of tillers, stem diameter, stem leaf ratio and available and remaining dry matter productivity were evaluated. The available dry matter productivity was higher for the management without grazing, as well as the remaining dry matter productivity, for the first and second sampling. For the second sampling, the height of plants was greater where grazing did not occur, however, the largest number of tillers was greater for oats once grazed.