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Gas-to-liquids technology has become an intensely investigated field in the petrochemical industries. The obvious reason is the vast reserves of stranded natural gas (currently flared, reinjected or not produced) and the desire to monetise these resources. Conventional wisdom has gravitated to some variation of Fischer- Tropsch technology to produce hydrocarbon liquids from natural gas. We have developed an entirely different approach for this conversion and licensed the technology to Synfuels International of Dallas for commercialisation.The new process has several advantages: it is simple; it should be economical for flows ranging from 10 MMSCFD through 500 MMSCFD; it can be skid-mounted (at lower flow rates) for transportation to site; it appears that the cost of fluids produced would be less than $20 per barrel; it is nearly energy self-sufficient; water can be a by-product; and the nominal product is a light gasoline with about a C7 molecular weight that can be converted into a heavier fraction with extra processing. This paper presents some details of the process and discusses results from a 100 MSCFD pilot unit.

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Approved for public re bution is unlimited. ABSTRACTThe Verification and Monitoring Options Study Project (VAMOS) was established to identify high-priority options for future vadose-zone environmental research in the areas of in-situ remediation monitoring, post-closure monitoring, and containment emplacement and verification monitoring. VAMOS examined projected needs not currently being met with applied technology in order to develop viable monitoring and verification research options. The study emphasized a compatible systems approach to reinforce the need for utilizing compatible components to provide user friendly site monitoring systems.To identifl the needs and research options related to vadose-zone environmental monitoring and verification, a literature search and expert panel forums were conducted. The search included present drivers for environmental monitoring technology, technology applications, and research efforts. The forums included scientific, academic, industry, and regulatory environmental professionals as well as end users of environmental technology. The experts evaluated current and future monitoring and verification needs, methods for meeting these needs, and viable research options and directions. A variety of high-priority technology development, user facility, and technology guidance research options were developed and presented as an outcome of the literature search and expert panel forums.