Ambon banana stem are known to contain chemical compounds including flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. One of these chemical compounds has the potential as an antioxidant, namely flavonoids which has antioxidant properties as free radical scavengers. Antioxidants can be used to repair skin cells damaged by free radicals, these antioxidants can provide a moisturizing and brightening effect on the skin so that the skin is not only kept moist and looks radiant. The purpose of this study was to formulate sheet mask preparation from ethanol extract of Ambon banana stem (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L)) into various concentration 5%, 7% and 9%. The sheet mask was then being examined for its activity to provide smoother skin after 4 weeks of treatment by measuring skin moisture content. Data was then being analyzed using ANOVA method. The research showed that sheet mask preparation of Ambon banana stem ethanol extract met the requirements for organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, irritation test. In increasing moisture content of Ambon banana stem ethanol extract sheet mask preparation, showed insignificant value (p > 0.05) where there is no significant difference toward the positive control. These results conclude that the sheet mask preparation of Ambon banana stem ethanol extract provides a moisturizing effect on skin. Keywords: Ambon banana stem, moisturizer, sheet mask

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish cases of bacteria associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan with the view to identify the bacteria well as to assess their antibiotics susceptibility.Methods: An observation and prospective study were analyzed to patients with lower respiratory tract infection in respiratory and internal wards Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. For the identification method of bacteria was using optochin test, catalase test, Mannitol salt agar, coagulase, indole, methyl red, Voges–Proskauer test, citrate, urease, and Triple Sugar Iron test.Results: The bacteria that cause lower respiratory tract infection were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.53%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.02%), Proteus sp. (14.89%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.77%), Escherichia coli (10.64%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.64%), and Haemophilus influenzae (8.51%). The result of sensitivity testing showed that gentamicin is more sensitive and the resistant antibiotic is chloramphenicol among all the tested antibiotics.Conclusion: P. aeruginosa was the most common isolated from LRTIs patients with gentamicin is the most sensitive antibiotics while chloramphenicol is the most resistant antibiotics among all the tested antibiotics.

Pendahuluan: Laporan WHO (World Health Organization) tahun 2012 menyebutkan bahwa infeksi saluran napas bawah terutama pneumonia menduduki peringkat keempat sebagai penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia dan sekaligus penyebab utama kematian dari golongan penyakit infeksi. Tujuan: dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran napas bawah, sensitivitas (kepekaan) bakteri terhadap beberapa antibiotic serta mengevaluasi secara kualitatif penggunaan antibiotik pasien infeksi saluran napas bawah di ruang rawat inap paru dan ruang rawat inap penyakit dalam RSUD dr.Pirngadi Medan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dan dilakukan secara prospektif terhadap pasien infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah di ruang rawat inap penyakit paru dan ruang rawat inap penyakit dalam RSUD dr.Pirngadi Medan. Hasil: Bakteri penyebab pada pasien infeksi saluran napas bawah yaitu P. aeruginosa (25,53%), K. pneumoniae (17,02%), Proteus sp (14,89%), S. aureus (12,77%), E. coli (10,64%), S. pneumoniae (10,64%), H.influenzae (8,51%). Uji sensitivitas antibiotik terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran napas bawah menunjukkan bahwa gentamisin merupakan antibiotik yang paling sensitif. Antibiotik yang resisten terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran napas bawah adalah kloramfenikol. Kesimpulan: Evaluasi kualitatif penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien infeksi saluran napas bawah di ruang rawat inap paru dan penyakit dalam tidak rasional sebesar 34 % pasien (kategori 1-kategori 6), sedangkan yang rasional sebesar 66 %