<p>Rumput laut dengan kandungan karbohidrat dan lipid yang tinggi dianggap menjadi sumber energi terbarukan generasi ketiga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar gula pereduksi optimum, mengetahui tekstur permukaan serbuk sebelum dan sesudah hidrolisis serta menentukan kadar etanol hasil fermentasi. Kandungan karbohidrat rumput laut <em>Ulva reticulata</em> dapat dikonversi menjadi gula heksosa dan pentosa (glukosa, arabinosa, ramnosa, dan xilosa) melalui hidrolisis asam. Campuran gula optimum hasil proses hidrolisis kemudian dikonversi menjadi etanol menggunakan ragi <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan konsentrasi inokulum 10% (v/v) selama 5 hari pada temperatur 30 °C dan pH 4,5. Analisis tekstur permukaan sampel dilakukan dengan <em>Scanning Electron Microscopy</em> (SEM). Analisis gula pereduksi dilakukan dengan metode DNS (Dinitro salisilat). Analisis etanol dilakukan dengan uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan metode berat jenis dan kromatografi gas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar gula pereduksi meningkat seiring meningkatnya suhu hidrolisis pada suhu 75 °C ke 150 °C (2,3 – 23,7 g/L) dan mengalami penurunan kadar pada suhu 175 °C menjadi 17,1 g/L. Hasil analisis dengan variasi konsentrasi terhadap waktu 30, 40, 50, dan 60 menit terlihat bahwa kadar gula pereduksi meningkat seiring meningkatnya waktu hidrolisis dari 30 menit sampai 50 menit yakni 23,7 – 33,4 g/L dan mengalami penurunan pada waktu 60 menit yakni 19,2 g/L. Kadar gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 33,4 g/L pada suhu 150 °C dengan konsentrasi asam 2 % pada waktu hidrolisis 50 menit. Tekstur permukaan serbuk sebelum dan sesudah hidrolisis mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Hasil uji kualitatif etanol hasil fermentasi dibuktikan dengan adanya perubahan warna dari jingga menjadi biru. Hasil uji kadar etanol dengan metode berat jenis yakni sebesar 1% dan metode kromatografi gas sebesar 5,02%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Bioethanol Production as Renewable Energy from <em>Ulva Reticulata</em> Seaweed from Timor Island. </strong>Seaweed with carbohydrate and lipid content is considered to be the third generation of renewable energy sources. The carbohydrate content of <em>Ulva reticulata</em> seaweed can be converted into hexose and pentose sugars (glucose, arabinose, ramnose, and xylose) through acid hydrolysis. The optimum sugar mixture resulting from the hydrolysis process is then converted to ethanol using <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> yeast. Fermentation was carried out with an inoculum concentration of 10% (v/v) for five days at a temperature of 30 °C and a pH of 4.5. Analysis of the surface texture of the sample was carried out by <em>Scanning Electron Microscopy</em> (SEM). Reducing sugar analysis was performed using the DNS (Dinitrosalicylate) method. Ethanol analysis was carried out by qualitative and quantitative tests using specific gravity and gas chromatography methods. The results showed that the reducing sugar content increased with increasing hydrolysis temperature at 75 °C to 150 °C (2.3 – 23.7 g/L) and decreased levels at 175 °C to 17.1 g/L. The results of the analysis with various concentrations of 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes showed that reducing sugar levels increased with increasing hydrolysis time from 30 minutes to 50 minutes, namely 23.7 – 33.4 g/L and decreased at 60 minutes, namely 19.2 g/L. The optimum reducing sugar content was 33.4 g/L at 150 °C with an acid concentration of 2% at 50 minutes of hydrolysis. Powder surface texture before and after hydrolysis experienced significant changes. The qualitative test results of fermented ethanol are evidenced by a change in color from orange to blue. The results of the ethanol content test using the specific gravity method were 1%, and that using the gas chromatography method was 5.02%.</p>
Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 17 Nopember 2018 di SMP Swasta Gita Surya dan SMA Negeri 1 Eban. Materi pengabdian permainan sains berupa Listrik buah, Larutan elektrolit, karamelisasi gula, uang ajaib, magnet listrik, perbedaan tekanan udara, peristiwa melayang tenggelam dan terapung, gunung meletus, kapur barus bergerak dalam air, indicator asam-basa alami. Kegiatan demonstrasi sains dilaksanakan dengan metode pertunjukkan, ceramah dan diskusi. Siswa – siswi berinteraksi secara aktif, tidak kaku, penuh semangat ditandai dengan banyaknya pertanyaan yang muncul, dan siswa sangat antusias dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh tim pengabdi serta tingginya minat siswa untuk terlibat di dalam praktik demonstrasi sains.
The demand for biodiesel in the renewable energy sector continues to grow yearly. However, the majority of biodiesel sources currently still compete with the food sector. Feun Kase seeds contain high oil and do not compete with food, so they have prospects as a new source of biodiesel. This study aimed to find the optimal conditions for synthesizing biodiesel from Feun Kase seed oil, carried out through transesterification with four reaction variables: catalyst variation, time, temperature, and the molar ratio of oil/methanol. This study was equipped with parameter test data according to SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 7182:2015, also equipped with characterization using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy). The highest biodiesel yield of 84.09% was obtained using optimum conditions of 1% NaOH catalyst, oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:6 at 70°C for 90 minutes of reaction. The test results of biodiesel parameters are density (851 kg/m3), smoke point (6°C), kinematic viscosity (5.35 cSt); acid number (1.08 mg KOH/gr), saponification number (159.32 mg KOH/gr), iodine number (78.62 g I2/100 g sample), flash point (165°C), and cetane number (62.86). FTIR analysis proved the presence of methyl esters with typical absorption at 1743 cm-1, 1195.87 cm-1, and 1436.97 cm-1. GCMS characterization showed that Feun Kase biodiesel was dominated by methyl oleate (53.45%), methyl palmitate (27.05%), methyl stearate (10.96%), and methyl linoleate (6.29%).
ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui diameter daya hambat air rebusan daun sirih terhadap bakteri penyebab mastitis. Bakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. daun sirih yang digunakan adalah daun sirih hijau yang banyak tumbuh di Pulau Timor. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah faktorial dengan 3 waktu perebusan (30, 45 dan 60 menit) dan 3 konsentrasi (12.5%, 25% dan 50%) dengan 3 pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air rebusan daun sirih hijau belum mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Air rebusan daun sirih konsentrasi 50% dengan waktu perebusan 45 menit menunjukkan hasil penghambatan paling besar. Air rebusan daun sirih mampu menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus namun belum mampu menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli.Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, rebusan air daun sirih, Staphylococcus aureus, uji antibakteriABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to determine the inhibition of betel leaf decoction water against bacteria that caused mastitis. The bacteria used in this study are Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The betel leaves used are non-fragrant green betel leaves which are widely grown on Timor Island. The design used was a factorial pattern with 3 boiling time (30, 45 and 60 minutes) and 3 concentrations of boiled water (12.5%, 25% and 50%) with 3 replications. The results showed that the betel leaf decoction water was not able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. Betel leaf decoction water concentration of 50% with a boiling time of 45 minutes showed the greatest inhibitory effect. Betel leaf decoction water has been proven to be able to inhibit the Staphylococcus aureus but has not been able to inhibit Escherichia coli.Keywords: Escherichia coli, decoction of betel leaf water, Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial test
Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 17 Nopember 2018 di SMP Swasta Gita Surya dan SMA Negeri 1 Eban. Materi pengabdian permainan sains berupa Listrik buah, Larutan elektrolit, karamelisasi gula, uang ajaib, magnet listrik, perbedaan tekanan udara, peristiwa melayang tenggelam dan terapung, gunung meletus, kapur barus bergerak dalam air, indicator asam-basa alami. Kegiatan demonstrasi sains dilaksanakan dengan metode pertunjukkan, ceramah dan diskusi. Siswa – siswi berinteraksi secara aktif, tidak kaku, penuh semangat ditandai dengan banyaknya pertanyaan yang muncul, dan siswa sangat antusias dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh tim pengabdi serta tingginya minat siswa untuk terlibat di dalam praktik demonstrasi sains.
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