No abstract

The chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the crude extracts of Thai basil (Ocimum basilicum) were investigated. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, anthraquinones and tannins in the crude extracts of Ocimum basilicum. GC-TOFMS (Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) analysis indicated the presence of sequiterpenoids, diterpene alcohol, fatty methyl esters (linoleic acid, gamma linoleic acid, arachidonic acid). Total phenolic components of the crude extracts was found to be 45.38 ± 0.66 mg gallic acid equivalents/g which was determined by Folin-ciocalteu method. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) radical scavenging activity was found to increase with increasing concentrations, it was found to be 73.75 % with IC 50 values of 22 μg/ml. The highest antioxidant activity may be due to the presence of flavonoids which has the scavenging potential by reducing the free radicals. Fatty acid methyl esters are proven to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tumor activity and they ere polymers with low molecular weight and highly hydrophilic which may be the factor which enhances cytotoxicity and scavenging potential.

A b s t r a c tThe already available expensive conventional therapies for cancer like chemotherapy and radiotherapy have a number of side effects such as myelosuppression and neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, and renal toxicity, which pose serious harm to the quality of there is a need to develop treatment options that include more potent and less toxic anticancer drugs as compared to existing drugs. and vegetables because of phytochemical compounds ex activity of antioxidant and free radicals which in turn showing anti semi agents are primarily used in com treatment of a variety of cancers. VLB is used for the treatment of leukaemia, lymphomas, advanced testicular cancer, breast and lung cancers, and Kaposi's sarcoma, and VCR, in addition to the treat acute lymphocytic leukaemia in childhood. VRLB has shown activity against non lung cancer and advanced breast cancer. based, natural process in order to stop the growth of cancer cells. This approach can limit the damage to normal cells and the accompanying side effects caused by conventional chemot agents. drug development. The current findings and known anticancer agents from natural sources are discussed, and recent therapeutic advances in this field

E-learning can be used to enhance and aid the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL). Through e-learning, learning can take place anywhere and anytime through the communication tools that it has. This feature provides a channel of communication among medical students and content experts in medicine that is not bounded by the class time and physical presence. Therefore, e-learning has been identified as a learning system that can greatly enhance the implementation of PBL among undergraduate-medical students. Conceptmaps can be successfully used to teach conceptual thinking, thus increasing students' competence in critical thinking in the modern paradigm. The purpose of this paper is to put forth effective strategies for utilizing elearning in PBL for medical and allied health science education with a model PBL on Retinoblastoma (Rb). Some effective strategies that have been identified are: (a) the use of online-learning tool to deliver structured assigned independent e-PBL problems to students, (b) content expert-facilitator-initiated communication for the PBL case scenario on the e-learning platform, (c) frequent availability of content expert on-medical education online for facilitation, and (d) the use of online resources such as relevant case scenarios, videos, research component such as review journal for reflection, construction of concept maps and assessment. These strategies will enable a more efficient and effective implementation of out-come based self-directed structured assigned independent learning e-PBLs related to difference modules of medicine, with relatively less number of content experts and in short time for large group of medical and allied health sciences students.