This study analyses the physical factors of the Palestinian bioclimate, the mean monthly and annual temperature, mean monthly maximum temperature, and mean monthly minimum temperature using data from six weather stations from the Palestine Meteorological Department, recorded in two periods: The first period from 1969 to 1981, the second period from 1975 to 1995 (more than 32 years). Statistical tests included a bioclimatic analysis of Palestinian meteorological stations for the periods from 1969-1981 and 1975-1995 by using bioclimatic classification of the Earth of Rivas Martinez Salvador, with regard to thermicity index, compensated thermicity index, annual ombrothermic index, and simple continentality index. The bioclimate of Palestineis affected by various factors, such as the Jordanian-Syrian desert, and its natural geography and topography, among others as well as biodiversity. Annual ombrothermic index value ranging between 0.6 to 3.4 and simple continentality index was from 12.4 to 18.1. It is concluded that the occupied Palestinian territories belong to the arid, semiarid, dry, sub-humid and humid ombrotype, and the Inframediterranean, Thermomediterranean and Mesomediterranean bioclimatic belt.

Idna, Hebron area, Palestine was subject to phytosociological study through the period from March to May 2013; this area has a characteristic dry, arid, semi-arid and very little of sub-humid and locates between Mediterranean, Negev and Sinai regions. We took 237 samples of different species plants from Idna village; the absence of phytosociological studies on the area led us to run a statistical treatment on the 237 woody plant inventories. Moreover, the inventories were made following Braun-Blanquet 1979; we transformed the Braun-Blanquet species abundance-dominance values into those of Van der Maarel 1979. In the statistical treatment we obtained two large groups in the cluster: group (A), representing forests, copses and high shrublands influenced by climate (climatophilous); and group (B), representing Tamarix copses which are influenced by edaphohygrophilic. Working a great interest for Palestine. Due to the lack of phytosociological studies in this country. For the first time gets to sample and characterize the phytosociological methodology woody plant communities. The objective of this study is to obtain bioclimatic indicators to trigger sustainable agricultural development. We propose eight association plant communities such as ASL1 = association of woody plants (association one)-Pistacio palaestinae-Quercetum lokii; ASL2-Capparido sinaicae-Ceratonietum siliquae; ASL3-Cerasus microcarpae-Quercetum ithaburensis; ASL4-Pyro siriacae-Abietetum cilicicae; ASL5-Abio ciliciae-Ceratonietum siliquae; ASL6-Periploco aphylli-Pinetum halepensis; ASL7-Cytisopsis pseudocytiso-Tamaricetum tetragynae; ASL8-Crataego sinaicae-Tamaricetum jordanii.

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Palestine was subject to classification study through the period from February to May 2017. This area has a characteristic of flora and biodiversity and belongs to dry, arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and humid climates, and locates in Mediterranean region. We took 400 samples of different plant species from Hebron (Idna, Althahreiyeh, Yatta villages and Hebron city); Jenin (Jenin city, Al-Yamon, Maysalon and Yabod); Jericho (Wadi Al-Qalt, Ain or Tal Sultan and Al-Nwehmeh) and Ramallah (Safa, Turmus Aya and Qibia). The absence of classification studies on the areas led us to run a statistical treatment on the 400 sampled flora of Palestine. Moreover, the classification was made following Braun-Blanquet in 1979; we transformed the Braun-Blanquet species abundance-dominance values into those of Van der Maarel in 1979. In the statistical treatment we obtained more than 53 plant species (Endemic rare) as Paronychia palaestina Eig , Trifolium palaestinum Boiss., Trifolium philistaeum Zohary, Suaeda philistaeum Zoharyand, and others, representing forests, copses, herbaceous and high shrublands influenced by climate (climatophilous), and edaphohygrophilic, and bioclimate factors as ombrotype and thermotype. However, according to study area we indicated that the flora endemic rare has 53 species, which of them 13% belong to Compositae family, 7.54% Poaceae, Liliaceae & Papilionaceae families, and 5.66% Iridaceae family.

We analyzed plant production such as olive, grape and fig in several Palestinian Occupied Territories, and studied the correlation analyses between productions and climatic, bioclimatic features in the territory. This work examines the following climate factors: average temperature, precipitation, soil water reserve and water deficit; and bioclimatic parameters such as compensated thermicity index, ombrothermic index and continentally index. The data used were from nine meteorological stations of the Palestinian Meteorological Department. The study was based on the correlation analyses between olive, grape and fig production in nine plots: Hebron, Ramallah, Nablus, Jenin, Jericho, Bethlehem, Jerusalem and Tulkarem over fourteen years. The analysis of variance revealed a significant influence of the variables temperature and compensated thermicity index on the production of olive and fig, and a low influence on grape production. When we applied canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the Nablus, Jenin, Jericho and Gaza plots were most affected by the climate factors as temperature, and bioclimate factors as compensated thermicity index, whereas, the Hebron, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Tulkarem and Ramallah plots showed the influence of ombrothermic index, continentally index, precipitation, water deficit and soil water reserve.