This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning using the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model or project-based learning on student learning outcomes in volcanology courses. This study used a quasiexperimental design with a Nonequivalent (Pretest-Posttest) Control Group Design. The study population was all students who contracted the Volcanology course in the Physics Study Program of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UNIMA for the 2019-2020 Odd Academic Year. The sample used the purposive sampling technique and divided the experimental class and the control class. The research data were collected using a test instrument for the comprehension ability of the material. The results showed that the average student learning outcomes in the experimental class were 89.74%, higher than the control class 72.11%. The results of statistical test analysis, namely t-test, obtained the value of t count 3.80 greater than t table, namely 2.10 with a real level α = 0.05, which means that the effectiveness of project-based learning models (Project Based Learning) on learning outcomes students are better than conventional learning models.

Research on the physics learning of electric charge has been carried out using MR-SR (Multiple Representation and Semiotic Resources). The research aims to find out the outcomes of student learning using the PIMCA learning model (Presentation, Idea Mapping, Conceptualization, and Assessment formative) introduced and developed by Cosmas Poluakan. The research was conducted at the Department of Physics, Manado State University, with 22 pre-service teacher students as respondents using the One Group Pre-test-Post-test Design. The instruments used in the form of pre-test and post-test which have been tested and validated. The research implementation stage starts from the pre-test, and then the implementation of physics learning follows the 4 steps of the PIMCA model. The results of data processing and analysis obtained an average pre-test score is 18,88 and an average post-test score is 75,16. There was an increase in concept mastery. In the idea mapping stage only 2 concepts are correct to drafting concept mapping, 6 are correct from 10 concepts that were used as references. PIMCA MR-SR learning model is very effective in helping students find and understand the correct concepts of physics. The use of the PIMCA MR-SR as a new model in the teaching and learning process is very effective in learning physics, mathematics and science or in the STEM area.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning using the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model or project-based learning on student learning outcomes in volcanology courses. This study used a quasiexperimental design with a Nonequivalent (Pretest-Posttest) Control Group Design. The study population was all students who contracted the Volcanology course in the Physics Study Program of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UNIMA for the 2019-2020 Odd Academic Year. The sample used the purposive sampling technique and divided the experimental class and the control class. The research data were collected using a test instrument for the comprehension ability of the material. The results showed that the average student learning outcomes in the experimental class were 89.74%, higher than the control class 72.11%. The results of statistical test analysis, namely t-test, obtained the value of t count 3.80 greater than t table, namely 2.10 with a real level α = 0.05, which means that the effectiveness of project-based learning models (Project Based Learning) on learning outcomes students are better than conventional learning models.

Learning Environment by using the Inquiry method can bring students into problems directly, so they can develop capabilities in terms of solving environmental problems that will be faced. In addition, the Inquiry method will train students to communicate well between fellow students and teachers (lecturers). The application of inquiry methods is effective in increasing students' competency of the environment and would be skilled in solving problems. By investigations conducted at Tondano Lake, students will be able to prove the truth of a theory by themselves. This type of research is an experiment using descriptive quantitative data analysis techniques by one group pretest-posttest design. This research is intended to describe the presence or absence of a treatment given to the subject of the study. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it was concluded that environmental learning using the inquiry method at Tondano Lake had a significant effect on students' competency. This is evidenced by the average gain score reaching 92.4769 or 94.5% and the implementation of learning which is in the effective category.