Metas de socialização e estratégias de ação consistem em um conjunto de ideias e crenças culturalmente construídas pelos pais como objetivos a serem alcançados no futuro para seus filhos. A pesquisa objetivou investigar as metas de socialização e estratégias de ação de pais de crianças com e sem Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH). Participaram 78 pais, sendo 39 de crianças com TDAH (Grupo Experimental) e 39 sem TDAH (Grupo Controle). Foi utilizado um questionário para levantamento dos dados sociodemográficos, além de duas questões qualitativas. As respostas foram transcritas e categorizadas conforme o modelo teórico das metas de socialização e estratégias de ação. Resultados indicaram que os pais dos dois grupos têm as suas principais metas relacionadas ao autoaperfeiçoamento. Em relação às estratégias de ação no GE, a mais frequente foi a centrada em si e no contexto e, no GC, a centrada em si.
This qualitative study aimed at performing a theoretical review and understanding the phylogenic aspects and the story of the ontogenic development of human longevity, in addition to proposing a brief reflection about the role of old age in an evolutionary perspective based on the theoretical references of Ethology, Evolutionary Developmental Psychology, and Gerontology. This is a narrative review based on national and international publications selected from journals and books indexed online which were accessed by the following database: Lilacs, Google Scholar, and Scielo, with a 55-year period range for the search (1957 to 2012) through the combined descriptors: longevity, aging, evolutionary psychology, phylogeny, and ontogeny. According to the inclusion criteria, 43 publications were analyzed through the Content Analysis and discusses in three categories: distal causal mechanism of human longevity, approaching the enlargement of the stages of life, and theories that discuss the reproductive role of the species; proximal causal mechanisms, built along life and the evolutionary role of aging with its importance for the species in the attempt to amplify the meanings of this stage of life in the Gerontology field. Faced with the discussion, we perceived that the study of the determinants of human longevity (in their phylogenetic and ontogenetic dimensions) is consistent and represents an important model for a broader and deeper understanding.
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