Considering the serious challenges our planet is facing, the building environment and construction sector must minimize their high negative impacts and maximize their contribution to sustainability. Many alternatives could promote this change, but to effectively optimize our architecture, we must take the step of quantifying and qualifying the sustainability of our constructions by choosing the best assessment alternative in each case. Many assessment methodologies and tools exist and there have been numerous reviews of them. The main objective and novelty of this review is to present an updated critical overview of all the sustainability evaluation alternatives developed in research studies in the fields of architectural design, construction, refurbishment and restoration. To achieve this, the analysis follows a specific methodology based on recent similar reviews. The result is a database with 1242 eligible documents analyzed in this review and attached as supplementary material available for future studies. As a main conclusion, rating tools and life cycle methods were found to be the most commonly applied methodologies, while the most recent tendencies use combined methods and probabilistic scenarios. This review could be useful to move towards a more sustainable building environment.

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Post-war industrialized housing between 1955 and 1985 in Belgrade and its special form of integrated prefabrication has been analyzed with a strong interest in transformation capacity of industrialized building model (IBM) on different technical levels. Research field is massive housing up to 23 floors, 400 dwellings per building and different housing layouts-to be evaluated for potential retrofitting at the dwelling level. IBM for massive housing built with IMS construction technology represents an integration of systems' components into hierarchy assemblies by simple joints. IMS Building Technology by IMS Institute is the system for high-rise structures with prefabricated elements of the skeleton. In order to assess the current situation regarding the selection and implementation of energy savings measures and the role of industrialized technology in supporting the rehabilitation of post-war housing in Belgrade-building configuration model and IMS construction technology has been analyzed, providing in-depth information on the way building components and systems are put together into IBM. In which way retrofit may be approached? IBM is represented with graph model (GM) diagram to describe a number of value-added processes according to independent systems/components and flexible connections. This paper highlights the technological aspects of "open" prefabrication industry and building with the systems that should be assessed in the future retrofitting of massive housing based on industrialization and energy efficiency. The paper proposes an IBM that provides concrete description of massive housing buildings, the requirements for information to be provided to approving refurbishment processes. The research also addresses both: challenges as well as opportunities for advancing Building Information Modeling (BIM) standards in off-site re-construction of massive housing with new "infill" industry.

Main problem of contemporary housing today is in the strongly dependences of functions and elements by fixed joints into closed configuration. Principal part of the static buildings corresponds to its structure. The structure is defined as a configuration model of four principal functions and corresponding technical systems: load-bearing, enclosing, interior partitioning and building installations network system, where elements are put together into disordered and mixed relations by fixed connections. For that reason the transformation at the building level is related with time consuming by long transformation processes, significant energy and material lose and waste production. Main characteristic of massive structure are: − Functional dependency with two or more functions integrated into one component; − Closed assemblies of components into rigid connections. − Zero "flexibility" of floor plan distribution: also the interior panels formed part of the crossbearing supporting concrete structure; − Elements are not interchangeable, but fixed together without possibility to be repair and replaced. − Services' equipment, electric cables and installations pipes and ducts are embedded into the structural and partitions walls. In the Figure 1 is shown the conventional building as mixed system of different levels. Loadbearing partition walls deal with more functions: load-bearing and partitioning and are fixed together in load-bearing structure. The same occurs with façade panel. Different functional levels are closely dependent because one component is used for more functions. Different technical levels are also dependent by fixed connections between components.Configuration design of collective housing building structure -IFD systems configuration J.Nikolic UPC (Universidad Politècnica de Catalunya), Department of Architectural Construction I, Barcelona, SpainABSTRACT: Residential buildings are still based on conventional construction process where components and subsystems are parts of closed-static systems, based on fixed connections and mixed functions. Uncontrolled overlapping of different functions in the building structure creates a strong dependency conditions between building layout and technical systems. Labyrinth of interfaces and fixed joints create complex relations between elements, and don't support transformations. The design of building structure as integrated, flexible and demountable systems configuration will determine a systems disassembly and deconstruction rather than demolition. Systems configuration based on independent and exchangeable components and subsystems applied for more permanent building parts (load-bearing structure, partitions and façade) may become the solution for the new dynamics in residential building life, applying flexible and demountable (IFD) systems configuration for the different levels of technical integration, with the special emphases on the potential benefit of "Kit of parts" integrated systems.

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