Purba GYS, Haryono E, Sunarto, Manan J, Rumenta L, Purwanto, Becking LE. 2018. Jellyfish Lakes at Misool Islands, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 172-182. Misool Islands, located in southern Raja Ampat in West Papua, has dozens of anchihaline lakes (marine lakes). Three of these lakes, Lenmakana, Karawapop, and Keramat, house populations of jellyfish. This study mapped and described the characteristics of the three ‘jellyfish lakes’ during field surveys in October 2015 and May 2016. The lakes ranged in area from 0.5−3.2 hectares. All three lakes harbored Mastigias papua, Lenmakana and Keramat lakes also harbored Aurelia sp., and Keramat had a third jellyfish species Cassiopea ornata. However, at Karawapop the jellyfish were not found on the water surface during the first round of field work because of effects associated with the El Niño phenomenon at that time. As a result of the El Niño effect, at Keramat, brown Mastigias became white in May 2016. The three lakes have different tidal delays (30−120 min) and dampened tidal amplitude (62%) compared to the sea. The benthos was found to be dominated by bivalves (Brachidontes sp.), algae (Cladophora sp., or Halimeda sp.) and sponges (predominantly Haliclona spp. and Tethya spp.). In addition, species of the family Synaptidae (Holothuroidea) were abundant and spread over almost all the bottom of Karawapop Lake, while tube-worms of the Polychaeta class were identified in Keramat Lake. Although these lakes are identified as a conservation area, currently there is no management activity in Lenmakana and Karawapop Lakes, despite the fact that the lakes are growing in popularity as a tourist site. Our paper provides the baseline data for future conservation efforts.

This study aims to determine the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the system of reef fisheries resource utilized by communities in the South Misool Marine Protected Area (KKPD) in Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Research was conducted from January to March 2019 using descriptive methods. Data were collected through observation, structured interviews, and document review. Respondents (fish collectors) were interviewed at three village observation points: Wayaban (5 respondents), Namlol (15 respondents) and Yellu (6 respondents). Data were analyzed quantitatively to interpret and describe information collected in the field. The results showed that on average, the number of family members per household in all three observation points were 4-5 people (63.38%), reef fishermen in South Misool have an average age range of 36-45 years (48%) and most have elementary school education level (50%). All fishermen in Wayaban village are from Kayoa village in Ternate (North Maluku) (100%), half of fishermen (50%) in Yellu village are from Yellu and the majority fishermen (33%) in Namlol shelter are from Raja Ampat (Yellu and Fafanlap villages). The reef fish resources system in the area of the South Misool KKPD utilizes a customary conservation-based management system where Sasi practices are still implemented in conjunction with Western conservation approaches.

Sanggeng traditional market that located in the coastal area of Manokwari city as a community trade center which providing daily community needs. Generally, the commodities that available are either household need, fish market and agriculture products, in addition due to market location in the city center it effects to highly community activities. Thus, effect to uncontrolled organic waste is source from mainly agricultural product, fishes, and also from others organic products. This condition is happening in highly intensity and still continues everyday, so it could affect to waters environmental degradation. Indicator that used to assessing water quality degradation based on highly organic waste is by assessed organic concentration then comparing with KLH 51 year 2004. Based on result of turbidity and dissolved oxygen parameter was found that highly condition at BLK location. In addition, highest TSS and TOM was found at waters around of hadi Mall. Highest BOD5 concentration was found in around of Fish market waters. Tides factor also effected to physical and chemical distribution in these waters. This condition shows that organic waste impact to water quality at Sawaibu Bay could affect to waters organisms’ life

Gastropoda banyak ditemukan di ekosistem mangrove dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan maupun kerapatan hutan mangrove. Salah satu gastropoda yang ditemukan adalah Terebralia palustris yang sering dijadikan sebagai bioindikator kesehatan mangrove. Kajian T. palustris (Linnaeus 1767) dilakukan pada bulan September 2020 di hutan mangrove Pantai Payum Merauke Papua dengan 3 stasiun pengamatan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan, hubungan panjang berat tubuh, kualitas dan penciri lingkungannya serta faktor penentu distribusi dan kepadatan T. palustris di Pantai Payum. T. palustris maupun mangrove dikumpulkan dengan membuat transek garis sepanjang 50 m tegak lurus garis pantai dan dibuat petak-petak contoh berukuran 10 x 10 m untuk mangrove serta 1 x 1 m (di dalam plot 10 x 10 m) untuk T. palustris. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahwa kepadatan T. palustris bervariasi di setiap stasiun pengamatan dengan kepadatan tertinggi berada pada Stasiun 2 (54,20 ind/m2) dan terendahnya pada Stasiun 3 (19,67 ind/m2). Pola pertumbuhan T. palustris bersifat allometrik negatif. Untuk kualitas lingkungan secara keseluruhan, hasil penghitungan memperlihatkan bahwa kerapatan mangrovenya tergolong tinggi (> 1000 ind/ha) dengan parameter kualitas perairan untuk suhunya berkisar antara 28,33 – 31,67°C, DO 5,60 – 7,67 mg/L, pH 6,83 – 7,53 dan salinitas 29,33 – 30,00‰. Analisis PCA memperlihatkan bahwa penyebaran stasiun pengamatan dan karakteristik lingkungan membentuk 2 kelompok dengan kelompok pertama Stasiun 3 dipengaruhi oleh salinitas, suhu, DO dan kerapatan mangrove yang tinggi, sedangkan kelompok kedua Stasiun 1 dan 2 dipengaruhi oleh pH yang tinggi serta diameter batang mangrove yang besar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis PCA, faktor penentu distribusi dan kepadatan T. palustris adalah suhu, DO dan kerapatan mangrove.   Many mangrove habitats contain gastropods, which are greatly influenced by environmental conditions and the density of mangrove trees. One of the gastropods discovered was Terebralia palustris, which is frequently employed as a bioindicator of mangrove health. A research of T. palustris (Linnaeus, 1767) was done in September 2020 at three observation sites in the mangrove forest of Payum Beach, Merauke Papua. This study aims to evaluate the density, the relationship between body length and weight, the quality and characteristics of the environment, and the distribution and density determinants of T. palustris in Payum Beach. T. palustris and mangroves were gathered by constructing a 50 m perpendicular to the seashore line transect and creating 10 x 10 m plots for mangroves and 1 x 1 m plots (within a 10 x 10 m plot) for T. palustris. The study revealed that the density of T. palustris fluctuated at each observation station, with the highest density occurring at Station 2 (54.20 ind/m2) and the lowest density occurring at Station 3 (19.67 ind/m2). The T. palustris growth pattern is negative allometric. The calculation findings indicate that the mangrove density is high (> 1000 ind/ha) and that the water quality parameters range from 28.33 to 31.67°C, DO 5.60 to 7.67 mg/L, pH 6.83 to 7.53, and salinity 29.33 to 30.00‰. PCA analysis revealed that the distribution of observation stations and environmental parameters formed two groups, with Station 3 influenced by salinity, temperature, DO, and a high mangrove density, and Stations 1 and 2 influenced by a high pH and a big mangrove trunk diameter. According to the results of PCA analysis, the distribution and density of T. palustris are determined by temperature, DO, and mangrove density.

Ikan hiu dan pari adalah komoditas perikanan penting di dunia dan memiliki peranan baik secara ekologi maupun ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis-jenis sumber daya hiu dan pari yang dimanfaatkan secara tradisonal oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni Provinsi Papua Barat. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara langsung di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa jenis ikan hiu dan pari yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Bintuni dan Sorong Selatan adalah 16 jenis. Status dari masing-masing jenis berbeda, yaitu 3 jenis masuk dalam kategori Vurnarable (Sphyrna sp, Aetobatus ocellatus dan Rhinoptera javanica), satu spesies masuk kategori Endangered (Eusphyra blochii) serta 5 jenis masuk dalam kategori Critically Endangered. Pemanfaatan ikan hiu dan pari oleh masyarakat pesisir/nelayan di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Kabupaten Bintuni berada dalam kategori pemanfaatan secara tradisional yaitu berupa produk olahan berupa daging ikan garam/asin dan dendeng. Sumber daya ikan hiu dan pari bukanlah target tangkapan masyarakat tetapi merupakan bycatch yang kemudian diolah secara tradisional. Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga sebuah sumber daya yang memiliki status perlindungan akan menyebabkan penangkapan dilakukan secara terus menerus pada jenis-jenis yang berstatus vulnerable (terancam punah) atau spesies yang dilindungi. Hal ini dibuktikan bahwa nilai nilai korelasi antara tingkat pemanfaatan dengan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang sumber daya ikan hiu dan pari rendah yaitu korelasi (r) sebesar 0.56. Title: Traditional Utilization of Shark and Ray Resources by Coastal Community of West Papua Sharks and rays are essential fishery commodities in the world and have a role both ecologically and economically. This study aimed to determine the types of shark and ray resources used and the traditional pattern of utilization by the people in South Sorong Regency and Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua Province. This research method is an exploratory and qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data was collected in the form of primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through direct observation and interviews in the field. The findings show that there are 16 species of sharks and rays caught by the community in Bintuni Bay and South Sorong Regencies. Each species’ status is different and can be defined as three species in the vulnerable (Sphyrna sp, Aetobatus ocellatus and Rhinoptera javanica), one as Endangered species (Eusphyra blochii), and five species in the Critically Endangered species. The utilization of sharks and rays by coastal communities/fishers in South Sorong Regency and Bintuni Regency is still in the category of traditional use, namely in the form of processed products in the form of smoked fish meat, salt/salted fish, and beef jerky. The level of traditional utilization of shark and ray resources by the local community in South Sorong Regency and Bintuni Regency is relatively high due to the lack of knowledge of local communities about the status of these fishery resources, which have been used traditionally. Furthermore, this can also indicate that lack of public knowledge about the importance of maintaining a protected resource will then continue the effort to catch the vulnerable (endangered) or protected species. It is proven that the correlation value between the utilization rate and public knowledge about shark and ray resources is low, namely a correlation (r) of 0.56.