No abstract

This study aims to determine the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the system of reef fisheries resource utilized by communities in the South Misool Marine Protected Area (KKPD) in Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Research was conducted from January to March 2019 using descriptive methods. Data were collected through observation, structured interviews, and document review. Respondents (fish collectors) were interviewed at three village observation points: Wayaban (5 respondents), Namlol (15 respondents) and Yellu (6 respondents). Data were analyzed quantitatively to interpret and describe information collected in the field. The results showed that on average, the number of family members per household in all three observation points were 4-5 people (63.38%), reef fishermen in South Misool have an average age range of 36-45 years (48%) and most have elementary school education level (50%). All fishermen in Wayaban village are from Kayoa village in Ternate (North Maluku) (100%), half of fishermen (50%) in Yellu village are from Yellu and the majority fishermen (33%) in Namlol shelter are from Raja Ampat (Yellu and Fafanlap villages). The reef fish resources system in the area of the South Misool KKPD utilizes a customary conservation-based management system where Sasi practices are still implemented in conjunction with Western conservation approaches.

Abstract. Manangkalangi E, Sembel L, Tebaiy S, Manuputty A, Rumayomi MR, Musyeri P, Sawaki D, Orissu D, Manumpil AW, Kaber Y. 2022. Evaluation of seagrass beds as a foraging and nursery habitat based on the structure of the fish community in Nusmapi Island, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5539-5550. Seagrass beds are one of the ecosystems inhabited by various coastal aquatic fauna, including fish. However, information on the temporal role of this ecosystem for fish fauna, particularly diurnal and nocturnal, is still limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe daily variations in the fish species composition, their ecological index, developmental stages, and trophic groups in a seagrass bed on Nusmapi Isl., Manokwari. The species composition differed between day and night sampling periods based on the results obtained from 40 species of fish belonging to 21 families and 7 orders. Furthermore, fish species consisted of three trophic groups (omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores), with omnivores and carnivores dominating during the day and at night by 48.6% and 87.5%, respectively. Species found in seagrass beds majorly consisted of juvenile stage individuals (65.9%). Individual abundance varied from day to night and was mainly found among group-forming species, such as S. spinus, S. trilineata, S. punctatissimum, and M. pralinia. The index of diversity, evenness, and dominance at the two relatively similar sampling times described the overall stability of fish communities in seagrass beds. The results indicate that seagrass beds serve as foraging and nursery grounds for many fish species in coastal waters. In addition, the management and protection of fish biodiversity and coastal fishery resources are affected by the ecosystem function.

ABSTRAKPerempuan pesisir Manokwari memiliki lima macam usaha diantaranya pengolahan bakso dan kerupuk, ikan asin, ikan asar, abon ikan dan wisata kuliner. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pesisir Kabupaten Manokwari pada Agustus -Desember 2015. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis usaha di sektor perikanan yang dilakukan perempuan pesisir Manokwari serta kontribusinya terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga. Metode wawancara digunakan terhadap 38 responden perempuan pesisir Manokwari sesuai jenis usaha yang ditekuni. Data yang diperoleh, dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kemudian ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik dan persentase. Dari jenis usaha yang ditekuni perempuan pesisir Manokwari diperoleh pendapatan rata-rata tertinggi adalah usaha olahan bakso dan yaitu sebesar Rp. 10,460,000.00 per month/kelompok, dan terendah adalah pelaku usaha ikan asin sebesar Rp. 4,895,000,00 per bulan/kelompok. Kontribusi pendapatan Rumah Tangga Perikanan sebesar 80% disumbangkan oleh kegiatan pengolahan hasil perikanan. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa perlu ada pendampingan kelembagaan usaha mikro dan penyediaan pasar yang memadai bagi keberlangsungan usaha.Kata kunci: perempuan pesisir, manokwari, pendapatan, pengolahan hasil perikanan ABSTRACT Indigenous women who lives in Manokwari coastal area have five field of economic livelihoods activities such as fish ball and fish crackers, salted dry fish, smoked fish, spicy shredded fish and local culinary tourism. A field research was done in several sites of coastal area of Manokwari during August to December 2015. The objective of this research is to explore and define types of economic livelihood activities by Indigenous women and its contribution on household income. Involving 38th respondents with using questionnaire method did interviews. Analyzed data using statistic descriptive. Based on this research is found that fish ball and fish crackers were higher per month than others, i.e. IDR 10.460.000,00 per month/group. The lowest income was salted dried fish, i.e. IDR 4.895.000 per month/group. About 80% the main contribution of the fisheries sector is from fish product. In Addition, based on this research also show that it needs an effort to empower small-scale unit business and market availability for sustainability business in Manokwari.

Ikan hiu dan pari adalah komoditas perikanan penting di dunia dan memiliki peranan baik secara ekologi maupun ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis-jenis sumber daya hiu dan pari yang dimanfaatkan secara tradisonal oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni Provinsi Papua Barat. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara langsung di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa jenis ikan hiu dan pari yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Bintuni dan Sorong Selatan adalah 16 jenis. Status dari masing-masing jenis berbeda, yaitu 3 jenis masuk dalam kategori Vurnarable (Sphyrna sp, Aetobatus ocellatus dan Rhinoptera javanica), satu spesies masuk kategori Endangered (Eusphyra blochii) serta 5 jenis masuk dalam kategori Critically Endangered. Pemanfaatan ikan hiu dan pari oleh masyarakat pesisir/nelayan di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Kabupaten Bintuni berada dalam kategori pemanfaatan secara tradisional yaitu berupa produk olahan berupa daging ikan garam/asin dan dendeng. Sumber daya ikan hiu dan pari bukanlah target tangkapan masyarakat tetapi merupakan bycatch yang kemudian diolah secara tradisional. Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga sebuah sumber daya yang memiliki status perlindungan akan menyebabkan penangkapan dilakukan secara terus menerus pada jenis-jenis yang berstatus vulnerable (terancam punah) atau spesies yang dilindungi. Hal ini dibuktikan bahwa nilai nilai korelasi antara tingkat pemanfaatan dengan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang sumber daya ikan hiu dan pari rendah yaitu korelasi (r) sebesar 0.56. Title: Traditional Utilization of Shark and Ray Resources by Coastal Community of West Papua Sharks and rays are essential fishery commodities in the world and have a role both ecologically and economically. This study aimed to determine the types of shark and ray resources used and the traditional pattern of utilization by the people in South Sorong Regency and Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua Province. This research method is an exploratory and qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data was collected in the form of primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through direct observation and interviews in the field. The findings show that there are 16 species of sharks and rays caught by the community in Bintuni Bay and South Sorong Regencies. Each species’ status is different and can be defined as three species in the vulnerable (Sphyrna sp, Aetobatus ocellatus and Rhinoptera javanica), one as Endangered species (Eusphyra blochii), and five species in the Critically Endangered species. The utilization of sharks and rays by coastal communities/fishers in South Sorong Regency and Bintuni Regency is still in the category of traditional use, namely in the form of processed products in the form of smoked fish meat, salt/salted fish, and beef jerky. The level of traditional utilization of shark and ray resources by the local community in South Sorong Regency and Bintuni Regency is relatively high due to the lack of knowledge of local communities about the status of these fishery resources, which have been used traditionally. Furthermore, this can also indicate that lack of public knowledge about the importance of maintaining a protected resource will then continue the effort to catch the vulnerable (endangered) or protected species. It is proven that the correlation value between the utilization rate and public knowledge about shark and ray resources is low, namely a correlation (r) of 0.56.