We investigate whether dominance, language experience, and increased interaction have an effect on the development of heritage bilingual children’s knowledge of the discourse-pragmatic constraints guiding null and overt subjects. A group of child heritage bilinguals (n = 18, mean age = 5;5) and comparison groups of adults: Mexican Spanish monolinguals (n = 15), heritage bilinguals in the United States (n = 16), and English monolinguals in the United States (n = 16) completed a language background questionnaire, a portion of the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment (BESA) in English and Spanish, a forced-choice task (FCT) in Spanish, and two acceptability judgment tasks (AJT s): one in English and one in Spanish. Results showed that heritage children and adults pattern similarly and differently from adult monolinguals. Increased interaction at home has a positive effect on accuracy in the pragmatic conditions that license null subjects in Spanish without affecting overt subject patterns in English, the dominant language.

Previous studies attest that early bilinguals can modify their perceptual identification according to the fine-grained phonetic detail of the language they believe they are hearing. Following Gonzales, Byers-Heinlein, and Lotto (2019), we replicate the double phonemic boundary effect in late learners (LBs) using conceptual-based cueing. We administered a forced choice identification task to 169 native English adult learners of Spanish in two sessions. In both sessions participants identified the same /b/-/p/ voicing continuum, but language context was cued conceptually via the instructions. The data were analyzed using Bayesian multilevel regression. Learners categorized the continuum in a similar manner when they believed they were hearing English. However, when they believed they were hearing Spanish, ‘voiceless’ responses increased as a function of L2 proficiency. This research demonstrates the double phonemic boundary effect can be conceptually cued in LBs and supports accounts positing selective activation of independent perception grammars in L2 learning.

No abstract

Previous studies attest that early bilinguals can modify their perceptual identification according to the fine-grained phonetic detail of the language they believe they are hearing. Following Gonzales et al. (2019), we replicate the double phonemic boundary effect in late learners (LBs) using conceptual-based cueing. We administered a forced choice identification task to 169 native English adult learners of Spanish in two sessions. In both sessions, participants identified the same /b/-/p/ voicing continuum, but language context was cued conceptually using the instructions. The data were analyzed using Bayesian multilevel regression. Learners categorized the continuum in a similar manner when they believed they were hearing English. However, when they believed they were hearing Spanish, “voiceless” responses increased as a function of L2 proficiency. This research demonstrates the double phonemic boundary effect can be conceptually cued in LBs and supports accounts positing selective activation of independent perception grammars in L2 learning.

Analizar el consumo alimentario según el estado nutricional en estudiantes universitarios. MetOdOlOgíAs: Estudio transversal con 1540 estudiantes Promoción 2015, Universidad de Playa Ancha. El estado nutricional se determinó a través de la descripción del peso corporal y se aplicaron ítems del Youth Risk Behavior Survey para conocer los hábitos alimentarios. Se definieron cuatro perfiles alimentarios según el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones alimentarias chilenas: 1.AS; 2.AS+ANS; 3.ANS; 4. No cumple los criterios anteriores. Éstos se relacionaron con el estado nutricional. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS V.18.0. Ética: Se aplicó consentimiento informado previo a la aplicación del cuestionario. ResultAdOs: La media de edad fue de 19,3 años (DE= 2,61 años), el 60,6% eran mujeres y el 82,9% proviene de la Región de Valparaíso. El 40,9% informa presentar sobrepeso u obesidad. El 7,3% tuvo un Perfil de AS (Cumplió con 2 de las siguientes recomendaciones: Consumo diario ≥ 3 porciones de frutas, ≥ 2 porciones de verduras y ≥ 3 porciones de lácteos; Consumo semanal de ≥ 2 porciones de legumbres; ≥ 2 porciones de pescado); el 64,4% tuvo un Perfil ANS (Cumplió con 2 de los siguientes criterios: Consumo semanal de bebidas azucaradas, alimentos con grasa; no desayunar diariamente); el 15,1% cumple con ambos criterios y el 13,2% no cumple con los criterios. Se observó diferencias significativas en los estudiantes con Perfil de ANS según percepción de peso (p< 0,05). El consumo de pescado y lácteos fue significativamente mayor en los que declaran peso normal (p< 0,05). cOnclusiOnes: El consumo de un Perfil AS no muestra diferencias según estado nutricional. Es fundamental establecer estrategias que promuevan la alimentación saludable en los universitarios.