Women and men are impacted differently by natural disasters, leading to claims that there exist gendered disaster vulnerabilities and a "gendered terrain of disasters" (Enarson and Morrow 1998). What makes this contention even more academically and practically relevant are recent increases in the number of natural disasters and affectees (Guha-Sapir and others 2004; Paul 2011). The confluence of gender and disaster is particularly clear in Bangladesh, a country challenging twin specters of gender issues and an array of regularly occurring natural disasters. Bangladesh's unique geographic situation of extreme population densities overlaid on a low-lying deltaic and coastal landscape interacts with the nation's range of social and environmental transitions: issues of democracy, government corruption, poverty, rural-urban divides, and gender parity, coupled with problems related to multihazard risk, looming effects of climate change, and issues of environmental justice that predispose certain demographics to heightened levels of risk. Thus, the topic of gender and natural disasters presents a valuable junction for practical and academic exploration, representing a space where these transitions jointly manifest, coexist, and both create and reveal vulnerability. THE VULNERABILITY CALCULUSVulnerability comprises a vast, continually expanding literature. This brief discussion is nonexhaustive, but meant to situate vulnerability as inherently complex and transdisciplinary. Here, vulnerability is characterized as multidimensional and defined as the absence of physical and ecological features, natural and human resources, and social, economic, political, and technological capacities that offer protection from the shocks of natural disaster (Comfort and others 1999;Cutter and Finch 2008).

We develop questions for a COVID-19 research agenda from the anthropology of disasters to study the production of pandemic as a feature of the normatively accepted societal state of affairs. We encourage an applied study of the pandemic that recognizes it as the product of connections between people, with their social systems, nonhumans, and the material world more broadly, with attention to root causes, (post)colonialism and capitalism, multispecies networks, the politics of knowledge, gifts and mutual aid, and the work of recovery.

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Formal engineering hurricane evacuation studies have not typically considered inland flooding explicitly, though it has been shown repeatedly to be a major cause of damage and loss of life in hurricanes. In addition, coastal flooding and strong winds are often treated in a decoupled manner, so that the correlation between them is not captured. The recently introduced Integrated Scenario-based Evacuation (ISE) computational framework offers one approach to achieving evacuation decision support based on a representation of the hazard that considers coastal flooding, inland flooding, and wind in an integrated manner. Using a case study application of the ISE framework for Hurricane Matthew (2016) approaching the North Carolina coast, we evaluate the influence of including inland flooding on the resulting recommended evacuation plan (where and when official evacuation orders are to be issued) and the plan's performance in terms of risk reduction and travel time increase. Results provide insight into managing hurricane evacuation with consideration of inland flooding. They suggest that in some cases inland areas should be evacuated just as coastal areas are; the scenarios responsible for and the timing of inland flooding can differ from those for coastal areas; the response to the different hazards should be treated together as a system because they can interact in complex ways; and planning for inland flooding can help reduce risk substantially while not adding much to evacuee travel times because inland evacuees do not have to travel as far to safety.