Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology which has the potential not only to change the way of conventional industrial manufacturing processes, adding material instead of subtracting, but also to create entirely new production and business strategies. Since about three decades, AM technologies have been used to fabricate prototypes or models mostly from polymeric or metallic materials. Recently, products have been introduced into the market that cannot be produced in another way than additively. Ceramic materials are, however, not easy to process by AM technologies, as their processing requirements (in terms of feedstock and/or sintering) are very challenging. On the other hand, it can be expected that AM technologies, once successful, will have an extraordinary impact on the industrial production of ceramic components and, moreover, will open for ceramics new uses and new markets.

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Dissociative chemisorption of H 2 O at the MgO(100)-water interface has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES) was used to image the density of occupied states on the MgO(100)/Mo(100) surface for various degrees of water exposure. After multilayer water desorption, spectral features typical of surface hydroxyls are present. To further study the possibility of dissociative chemisorption of water, a theoretical and computational method called CECILIA (combined embedded cluster at the interface with liquid approach) was used to calculate the geometry, energetics, and electronic density of states (DOS) for interfacial species. Consistent with experiment, our theoretical results predict that dissociative adsorption of H 2 O at the MgO(100)-water interface is energetically more favorable than molecular adsorption. The stabilization of charged OH -and H + interface adsorbates is due to polarization of the surrounding solvent.

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