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The de-NO x performance of sewage sludge chars activated physically using water vapor or chemically using KOH was evaluated. Characteristics of chars activated under different activation temperatures, water vapor concentrations, and KOH/char ratios were analyzed by N 2 adsorption-desorption and FT-IR. Chemically activated chars were more efficient in removing NO x due to their higher surface area, oxygen functional group and NH 3 adsorption than physically activated chars. The de-NO x performance of the activated chars is influenced more by chemical properties such as oxygen functional groups and NH 3 adsorption sites than by physical properties like specific surface area and pore volume.

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Experiments were performed in order to investigate the possibility for the development of catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) using municipal waste char and RDF byproduct. Physical and chemical activations, using water, and HCl and KOH, were employed to increase the catalytic activities. The characteristics of the activated catalysts were investigated using N 2 adsorption-desorption and FT-IR. The catalysts activated chemically using basic treatment showed higher NO x removal efficiencies than those activated physically or chemically using acidic treatment. The de-NO x performance of the activated catalysts was dependent on the chemical properties, such as oxygen functional groups as well as physical properties, such as specific surface area and pore volume. In order to investigate the effect of MnO x , which has been reported to be efficient for the removal of NO x in low-temperature SCR processes, the chemically activated catalyst was impregnated with manganese. The Mn-impregnated catalyst had the highest NO x conversion at all of the temperatures tested in this study.