Microbiota in the mosquito plays an important role in their behavior and vector competence. The composition of their microbiome is strongly influenced by the environment, especially their habitat. The microbiome profiles of adult female Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes from malaria hyperendemic and hypoendemic areas in Republic of Korea were compared using 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. In different epidemiology groups, the alpha and beta diversity analyses were significant. The major bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria. The most abundant species in the microbiome of hyperendemic mosquitoes were the genera Staphylococcus, Erwinia, Serratia, and Pantoea. Notably, a distinct microbiome profile characterized by the dominance of Pseudomonas synxantha was identified in the hypoendemic area, suggesting a potential correlation between the microbiome profiles and the incidence of malaria cases.

In nature, chirality displays itself in diverse forms and on various hierarchical scales. Among the various types of chirality, supramolecular chirality is of particular interest due to its ability to amplify and induce chirality, which aids in understanding the fundamental principles of chirality transfer and is also suitable for chirality applications at the macroscopic scale. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel chiral organic semiconductor 2,9-di­(hexan-2-yl)­anthra­[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d′e′f′]­diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10 (2H, 9H)-tetraone (ClCPDI-C6) and its self-assembly into supramolecular nanowires (NWs). The chirality of the NWs was successfully transferred via intra- and inter-molecular interactions from the chiral pendant to the perylene diimide (PDI) core after self-assembly. Upon exposing the organic NWs to phenylhydrazine dopant vapor, the average mobility of the NW transistor was increased from 0.0085 to 0.026 cm2 V–1 s–1. Additionally, phenylhydrazine molecular doping of the NWs significantly enhanced their optical performance in comparison with the undoped NWs, with improved photoresponsivity (R) (∼3 times higher), photosensitivity (P) (∼10 times higher), external quantum efficiency (∼3 times higher), and detectivity (D*) (∼8 times higher). The detectivity of the phenylhydrazine-doped NWs was 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than that previously reported for chiral PDI NWs. Notably, they showed a fast and stable real-time photoswitching of both undoped and doped ClCPDI-C6 NWs (<90 ms), indicating a high sensitivity to visible light and great potential in photodetector and photoswitching applications. From density functional theory calculations, after absorbing phenylhydrazine on the ClCPDI-C6 NWs, the increased electron affinity contributes to increased optoelectronic performance. Our investigation paves the way for future in-depth studies on the relationship between the structure and supramolecular chirality with optoelectronic device performance.

A series of Al-based isomorphs (CAU-10H, MIL-160, KMF-1, and CAU-10pydc) were synthesized using isophthalic acid (ipa), 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (fdc), 2,5-pyrrole dicarboxylic acid (pyrdc), and 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (pydc), respectively. These isomorphs were systematically investigated to identify the best adsorbent for effectively separating C2H6/C2H4. All CAU-10 isomorphs exhibited preferential adsorption of C2H6 over that of C2H4 in mixture. CAU-10pydc exhibited the best C2H6/C2H4 selectivity (1.68) and the highest C2H6 uptake (3.97 mmol g–1) at 298 K and 1 bar. In the breakthrough experiment using CAU-10pydc, 1/1 (v/v) and 1/15 (v/v) C2H6/C2H4 gas mixtures were successfully separated into high-purity C2H4 (>99.95%), with remarkable productivities of 14.0 LSTP kg–1 and 32.0 LSTP kg–1, respectively, at 298 K. Molecular simulations revealed that the exceptional separation performance of CAU-10pydc originated from the increased porosity and reduced electron density of the pyridine ring of pydc, leading to a relatively larger decrease in π–π interactions with C2H4 than in the C–H···π interactions with C2H6. This study demonstrates that the pore size and geometry of the CAU-10 platform are modulated by the inclusion of heteroatom-containing benzene dicarboxylate or heterocyclic rings of dicarboxylate-based organic linkers, thereby fine-tuning the C2H6/C2H4 separation ability. CAU-10pydc was determined to be an optimum adsorbent for this challenging separation.

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